Respiratory System

Thoracic Contents

Superior thoracic aperature

Inferior thoracic aperature

Contains the lungs surrounded by the pleura

A single serious membrane that covers the lung

Heart, surrounded by the pericardium, and other structures

A single serious membrane that coversthe heart

Getting O2 into lungs, and CO2 out of lungs

Getting O2 to the blood, and removing CO2 away from the blood; occurs in pulmonary capillaries of the lungs

Getting O2 to the cells, and removing CO2 away from cells; occurs in capillaries of systemic circulation

Nose is made up of Greater and lesser _____________ cartilages. These are made of _______ cartilage.

External Nares

Vestibule

Vibrissae

Skin of the nose is ______________________ epithelium

The nasal cavity entrance that continues to the internal nares or choanae

Nasal cavity is bounded above by ___________ and __________ bones.
Bound below by _________ and _____ palate.

The nasal cavity contains the Superior and middle _________ bone, and ______________________ ("turbinates") that swirl air to moisten and trap dust particles.

Respiratory epithelium = _________________________ epithelium with _______ cells (mucus)

Respirator Mucosa: respiratory epithelium, lamina propria, and ___________________ glands in submucosa

A type of mucus gland, also called tubuloalveolar glands

Serous fluid = water + ________________ granules and mucus

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Location:
Function:

Olfactory epithelium = respiratory epithlium + _____________________

Olfactory epithelium is located below _____________________.

The four paranasal sinuses:

Sinuses have ______ opening(s) in nasal cavity; they are lined by _____________.

Pharynx:
Located ____ and _____ to nasal cavity, beginning at the choanae
Lined by ____________________ epithelium
Composed of : _____________, _________________, and _______________

Nasopharynx: from __________ to uvula of soft palate
- lined with _______________ epithelium
- contains: opening of ________ to middle ear, ________________, and _________________

Oropharynx: from fauces to level of __________ bone
- _____________ to oral cavity, acts as a passage for air and food
- lined by _________________________________
- contains: _______________, _______________, and ___________

Laryngopharynx: from left of hoid bone to level of _______ cartilage of trachea
- posterior to ____________, acts as a passage for air and food
- continuous with both _______ and ___________
- lined by __________________ (same as oral cavity)
- Contains: _____________

Used as an air passage and for vocalization

larynx has opening into trachea protected by the ___________.

Superior part of vocal cords =

Inferior to vocal cords =

used for sound production "true vocal cord"

Lies above vocal fold to provide protection "false vocal chord"

stretches from thyroid to arytenoid cartilages

The vocal folds together form the

Four laryngeal cartilages: (all are hyline cartilage)

Motor innervation to muscles of vocalization and the larynx is the __________ nerve

Wind-pipe; from cricoid cartilage to bifurcation into bronchi

____-shaped hyaline cartilage, keeps air-passage open

Psoterior side of trachea is soft and in contact with __________________

the trachea bifurcates into _________________

Inside trachea at birfucation is a ridge

Bifurcation in trachea occurs at the ________________ plane

The trachea is in the ____________ mediastinum and bronchi are in __________ mediastinum

The angle into the left bronchus is ____ than that of the right. Aspirated material is more likely to go into _____ bronchus.

Primary bronchi split into _________ or lobar bronchi

There are ___ lobes of the right lung, and ___ lobes of the left

There are ___ lobar bronchi on the right, and ____ on the left

______________ are found in primary bronchi

________________________ are found in secondar and tertiary bronchi.

_________ cartilage is found in bronchiole.

_________ muscle found from trachea through alveolar ducts

Order of air-flow into lungs

Each lung has an _______________, the right also has a _________________.

the _________ lung has a cardiac impression and notch

Oblique fissure + cardiac notch =

Caridopulmonary circulation

Within the lung, the artery tracels with the ________ divided into lovar and segmental arteries

The door into the lung

Root of lung =

Root of lung from superior to inferior:

Phrenic and Vagus nerves travel together in the _____, past the root of the lung

Thre phrenic nerve passes ________ to the root and through the ______________

The vagus nerve passes _______ to the root and disappears behind the hear.

The thoracic cavity contains _________ pleural cavities; each containing : lungs + pleural lingings + potential space

The part of the pleura in contact with the lungs

the part of the pleura in contact wit hthe thoracic wall

The pariental becomes continuous with the visceral pleura the the ____________. The are aof serous membrane surrounding the root of the lung.

the hilum continues inferiorly as a souble layer

The Parietal pleura consists of four parts:

The cervial (cupola) pleura is deep to the _________ artery and vein.

The lung is _______ to expand on its own

To expand, the visceral pleura adheres to the parietal pleura via _________

The ____________ is closed, like a balooon, with nothing inside excepta small amoungt of pleural (serious) fluid

Recesses: the lungs do not occupy the Pulmonary cavities completely

______________ pleura is insensitive

Sensory nerves of parietal pleura are the ______________, ____________, ____________________

The order of air-flow into lungs

hyaline cartilage rings, respiratory epithelium, smooth muscle

hyaline cartilage plates, smooth muscle

Simple columnar ciliated epithelium, NO cartilage, smooth muscle

Simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium, NO cartilage, smooth muscle

Conducting zone of lungs

respiratory zone of lungs

Alveolar DUCTS
Alveolar SACS (terminal clusters of alveoli)
- Atrium = opening into sac

Most of lung volume, gas-filled air-exchange chamber

Simple squamous cells that make up walls of alveolus

Surfactant secreting simple cuboidal cells in alveoli

Alveolar machrophages

"air-blood barrier" = alveoli + pulmonary capillaries

Alveolar _________ = communication between alveoli

Sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle

Parasymp innervation

The ______________ is a muscle of respiration
- the floor of the thoracic cavity
- it covers the inferior thoracic aperature

Muscle fibers run in the direction from lateral, inferior-medial

muscle fibers from from later superior-medial; fibers run perp. to external intercostals muscles

During forces respiration:

During expiration

___________ of inspiration = stretch receptors in lungs

The diaphragm is innervated by the ____________ nerve. Ventral rami of ______________.

Intercostal muscles are innervated by _______________ nerves.

The Respiratory Center in the _______________ sets a baseline ventilatory rate.

___________________ respond to decrease in O2 or increase in CO2, or ph in blood

Sensory information to medulla oblongata via _____ and _________ nerves

Each intercostal space contains:

1) Anterior intercostal artery and vein- from ________________
2) Posterior intercostal artery and vein - from ______________________

The trachea, bronchi and lung:

are supplied by ________________ arteries from the thoracic aorta
are drained by ________________ veins that empty into the __________ system of veins; and small branches drain into pulmonary veins.