RBC Abnormalities Review

What is the normal size of an RBC?

What is the normal value for MCV?

an RBC that is less <6 microns, MCV is <80fL

what are four conditions microcytes seen in?

an RBC that is >8 microns, MCV is >99fL.

what are six diseases that macrocytes are seen in?

This refers to the entire red cell morphology in the scanned area of a peripheral smear.

how is poikilocytosis graded?

these are small, hyperchromic cells with no central pallor, increased Hgb and a MCHC>36%.

These cells are caused by a defect or loss of cell membrane.

these cells have evenly spaced spicules that may be artifact in origin from faulty drying.

These cells are alo called crenated or burr cells

If not artifactula in origin these cells are associated with uremia, heart disease, dehydration and untreated hypothyroidism.

these are cells with 3-12 irregularly spaced blunt spicules that vary in length.

what is another name for a tear drop cell?

These are pear-shaped cells that have been pulled into one spicule.

What are tear drop cells associated with?

these cells are associated with G6PD and have two distinctive projections surrounding an empty space in the RBC.

Fragmentation of this cell occurs by pitting mechanism of spleen

These cells are also called bite cells

These are hypochromic cells that may be artificially induced on smear, they appear as a target or bullseye.

these cells are also called codocytes

when does targeting occur in target cells?

These are sickle or crescent shaped cells cells that are pointed at one or both ends.

These cells are also called drepanocytes

what causes sickle cells to become ridged and inflexible

these cells have an oval or rectangular central pallor, and are mostly artifactual in origin.

If the result of a stomatocyte is membrane defect how will the central pallor appear?

what two condtions are stomatocytes associated with?

these are round purple staining bodies that are remnants of RNA, they are usually seen single.

multiples of these bodies indicate megaloblastic anemia.

These are small irregular, magenta colored clusters seen in periphery of cell.

these inclusions are aggregates of iron.

these cells are referred to as siderotic granules if staind with what stain?

These are coarse or diffuse blue staining bodies that consist of precipitated ribosomes.

when does basophilic stippling occur.

These are purple thread like loops that are remnants of microtubules from the mitotic spindle.

This inclusion body indicates abnormal erythropoiesis

These inclusions are aggregates of denatured precipitated hemoglobin

what stains are used to see heinz bodies?

Iron deficiency anemia is acquired and prgressive, what are its three stages?

This anemia occurs in pregnant women or women of childbearing years, also in blood loss.

hypochromic/microcytic cells, anisopoiklocytosis and target cells are all noted in what anemia?

This hereditary anemia causes dimorphic RBC's, anisopoikilocytosis, and ringed sideroblasts.

what are the two populations of dimorphic RBC's seen in sideroblastic anemia?

this anemia may be drug induced from anti TB meds, antimicrobials, and antiparkinsonian drugs, or induced by alcoholism or lead poisoning

This anemia starts as normo/normo then slowly gets worse.

This anemia may result from decreased RBC life, impared iron metablolism, decreased Epo, or suppression of Epo.

this anemia is caused by the failure of kidneys to produce erythropoietin

This anemia is caused by vit B12 and folic acid deficency which leads to impared DNA synthesis, in turn creating large RBC's and granulocytes.

This anemia is also called mgealoblastic anemia

this anemia can be caused by a loss of parietal cell intrinsic factors which are needed for vit B12 absorption, aslo pernicious anemia.

This anemia causes large hypersegmented nutrophils in more than 98% of cases

This anemia is caused by a failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells

what two factors are of aplastic anemia can cause a failure of bone marrow?

this anemia causes pancytopenia, normocytic, normochromic RBC's and polychromasia.

what are three hereditary causes of of hemolytic anemias due to intrinsic defects of RBC membrane.

this is the most common RBC enzyme disorder

G6PD is harmless unless exposed to what?

what are two things that can cause oxidative stress in G6PD patients?

This is a very rare condition that involves antibodies with optimal serological activity at 37^oC.

What does PCH stand for

in this conditon anti-P attaches to RBC's at low temperatures.

in HDN if mother is sensitized durring pregnancy or deliver this can happen.

In this insidious anemia the RBC membrane is abnormal and susceptible to hemolytic action of complement.

what is the confirmatory test for PNH?

normal hemoglobin content
Hgb A:
Hgb A2:
Hgb F:

these are anemias characterized by a structural defect in the hemoglobin.

This is a homozygous conditon that leads to chronic hemolytic anemia and ischemic tissue injury due to vaso-occlusion.

This is characterized by decreased ESR, and HGB electrophoresis shows no Hgb A, 80% or more Hgb S, and 1-20% Hgb F.

This is the substitution of lysine for glutamic acid on 6th position of beta chain.

in this chronic hemolytic anemia 50-90% target cells are seen, as well as increased reticulocytes and Hgb C crystals.

what effect does hypoxic situations have on erythropoietin?

what are four situations secondary polycythemia is seen in.

This condition casues an increased Hct, Increase Hgb, increased red cell mass, and increased epo, but platelet/WBC count is normal.

this condition is caused by a decrease in plasma volume but not an actual increase in red cell mass.

this condition is seen in acute and subacute dehydration in middle aged men with a history of smoking, hypertension, and obesity

This test measures the ability of the RBC's to take up fluid without lysing.

what is the test used to diagnose hemolytic anemias, specifically hereditary spherocytosis?