-
WHAT IS THE RULE WHEN TALKING ABOUT PELVIS FRACTURE?
IF 1 FRACTURE SEEM, LOOK FOR 2 MORE ( 1 MAY A LUXATION OF HIP )
-
WHAT SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN FOR AN AVULSION OF THE TIBIAL TUBEROSITY?
GROWTH PLATE / PHYSIS OF TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
-
HOW DOES THE FOVEA CAPITIS OF THE FEMUR APPEAR IN RADIOGRAPHS?
NORMAL FLATTENING OF FEMORAL HEAD IF POSITIONED RIGHT / SCREEN.
-
HOW IS A DOG PLACED FOR A HIP DYSPLASIA VIEW?
DORSAL RECUMBENCY, LIMBS PULLED CAUDALLY & ROTATED SLIGHTLY MEDIALLY = FEMURS PARALLEL, PATELLAS CENTERD IN FEMORAL TROCHLEA. SUPER IMPOSE FEMURS & THE ISCHIATIC TUBEROSITY.
-
HOW MUST THE PELVIS BE PLACED IN A HIP DYSPLASIA VIEW? WHY?
LEVEL ( NO ROTATION OR 1 ACETABULM LOOKS DEEP OTHER SHALLOW )
-
HOW DO YOU CHECK FOR ROTATION OF THE PELVIS IN A HIP DYSPLASIA VIEW?
COMPARE SYMETRY OF ABTURATOR FOREMEN & SACROILIAC JOINTS
-
WHAT RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF HIP DYSPLASIA COMES FIRST TO MIND?
< 50% OF FEMORAL HEAD INSIDE DORSAL RIM OF ACELABULUM
-
WHAT IS REQUIRED TO EVALUATE COXOFEMORAL LUXATION RADIOGRAPHICALLY?
REQUIRES 2 VIEWS TO ASCERTAIN DIRECTION OF LUXATION ( CRANIODORSAL MOST COMMON )
-
IN YOUNG DOGS, WHAT BONE HAS A GROWTH PLATE WHICH LOOKS LIKE A FRACTURE?
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY
-
WHAT DOES A SKYLINE / TANGENTIAL VIEW OF THE STIFLE SHOW?
DEPTH OF TROCHLEAR GROOVE, PATELLA & FEN ROPATELLAR JOINT SPACE.
-
ON THE MEDIOLATERAL PROJECTION OF THE STIFE WHAT IS THE RADIOLUCENT ( FAT ) DENSITY SEEN IN THE TRIANGLE FORMED BY THE FEMUR, TIBIA AND DISTAL PATELLAR LIGAMENT?
SUBPATELLAR FAT PAD.
-
WHAT ARE THE FOUR SESAMOID BONES THAT SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN FOR FRACTURE FRAGMENTS IN RADIOGRAPHS OF THE STIFLE JOINT?
PATELLA, 2 SESAMOIDS OF GASTROCNEMIUSMUSDE & SESAMOID IN POPLITEAL TENDON.
-
HOW DOES AN ANIMAL WITH HYPERTOPHIC OSTEODYSTROPHY ( HOD ) PRESENT?
YOUNG DOG, SWELLING AROUND THE METAPHY-SEAL REGION OF LONG BONES OF LIMBS, FEVER, & LAMENESS.
-
WHAT ARE THE CLASSIC RADIOGRAPHIC SIGNS OF HYPERTOPHIC OSTEODYSTROPHY ( HOD )?
BONE CUFFING AROUND THE METAPHYSEAL REGION & DOUBLE PHYSES.
-
WHAT IS HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOPATHY ( HO )?
LAMELLAR PERIOSTEAL PROLIFERATION ON LONG BONES OF EXTREMITIES ASSOCIATED WITH SPACE OCCUPYING LESION OF THORAX CAUSING LAMENESS & PAIN.
-
WHAT IS SEEN RADIOGRAPHICALLY IN HYPERTOPHIC OSTEOPATHY ( HO )?
PERIOSTEAL PROLIFERAZTION AROUND THE DIAPHYSES OF AFFECTED BONES.
-
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERTROPHIC OSTEOPATHY ( HO )?
TREATING ASSOCIATED THORACIC LESION USUALLY RESULTS IN REGRESSION OF BONY LESIONS
-
WHAT IS CLASSICALLY SEEN ON RADIPGRAPHS OF PANOSTEITIS ( INFLAMATION OF LONG BONES )?
NODULAR OPACITIES TO COMPLETE OPACIFICATION OF MEDULLARY CAVITIES, MOST PROMINENT NEAR THE NUTRIENT FORAMEN. RESOLTION MAY LEAVE A VACANT LOOK TO THE MEDULLARY CAVITY ( DARK ) WITH A COURSE TRABECULAR PATTERN.
-
HOW IS A RECURRENT DISLOCATING PATELLA EVALUATED RADIPGRAPHICALLY?
SKYLINE VIEW OF SHALLOW FEMORAL TROCHLEAR ( PATELLAR ) GROOVE.
-
HOW IS THE LATERAL SIDE OF THE DP VIEW OF THE TARSUS EASILY IDENTIFIED?
FOURTH TARSAL / " 2 STAORY " BONE: LATERAL.
-
WHAT IS THE RADIOGRAPHIC LANDMARK FOR THE TARSUS ? WHAT DOES IT TELL YOU?
CALCANEUS, LATERAL & PALMAR SIDES.
-
WHAT TARSAL SURFACES ARE HIGHLIGHTED INI A DLPMO VIEW?
DORSOMEDIAL & PL SIDES OF TARSUS.
-
WHAT IS THE MOST FREQUNTLY FRACTURED BONE OF THE BODY?
FEMUR.
-
WHAT STRUCTURES MUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN FIXING FEMUR DIAPHYSIS FRACTURES?
FEMORAL a. & v. ON MEDIAL SIDE, SCIATIC n. CAUDAL TO FEMUR.
-
WHERE IS THE DISTAL FRAGMENT FOUND IN MID SHAFT FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR? ( WHY )?
DISPLACED CAUDALLY ( PULL OF CAUDAL mm. )
-
HOW ARE TROCHANTER FRACTURES TREATED SURGICALLY?
TENSION BAND TO COUNTERACT PULL OF GLUTEAL MUSCLES.
-
WHEN DO THE OSSIFICATION CENTERS OF THE PELVIC LIMB CLOSE?
MOST BY 1 YEAR EXCEPT CREST OF ILIUM: 2 1/2 YEAR & PELVIC SYMPHYSIS: 5-6 YEAR.
-
WHERE IS A BONE MARROW TAP EASILY PERFORMED?
THROUGH THE TROCHANTERIC FOSSA.
-
WHAT IS THE LANDMARK FOR THE TARSUS? WHAT DOES IT TELL YOU?
CALCANEUS, LATERAL & PALMAR SIDES.
-
HOW ARE CALCANEAL FRACTURES TREATED?
REQUIRES COUNTERACTING PULL OF THE CALCANEAN TENDON ( ex. TENSION BAND OR PLATES )
-
WHAT IS HIP DYSPLASIA?
CONGENITIAL COXAL JOINT INSTABILITY WITH SLIGHT SUBLUXATION TO COMPLETE LUXATION OF FEMORAL HEAD FROM ACETABULUM THAT PROGRESSES TO DEGENERATIVE JOINT DISEASE ( DID ).
-
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON DISLOCATION OF TH HIP?
DORSOCRANIAL LUXATION DUE TO PULL OF GLUTEAL MUSCLES.
-
WHAT MUST BE DAMAGED WHEN THE HIP DISLOCATES?
LIGAMENT OF HEAD OF FEMUR TORN.
-
HOW DO YOU PALPATE FOR DORSOCRANIAL LUXATION OF THE HIP?
" THUMB" /TROCHANTER DISPLACEMENT TEST" THUMB BETWEEN GREATER TROCHANTER & ISCLATIC TUBEROSITY, ROTATE FEMUR LATERALLY: THUMBFORCED OUT HIP OK; NOT IF HIP LUXATED OR HEAD / NECK FRACTURES OF FEMUR.
-
HOW IS A DORSOCRANIALLY LUXATED FEMUR REDUCED?
GENERAL ANESTHESIA: EXTERNALLY ROTATE FEMUR, DRAW FEMUR CAUDALLY & ROTATE MEDIALLY.
-
WHAT IS DONE IF A CRANIODORSAL LUXATED HIP EASILY LUXATED REPEATEDLY?
DO NOT OPEN REDUCTION.
-
DESCRIBE AN OPEN REDUCTION OF A LUXATED HIP?
EXPOSE & CLEAN OUT THE ACETABULUM, REDUCE THE HEAD INTO THE ACETABULUM USE A STABILIZING TECHNIQUE.
-
PATELLAR LUXATION IS MORE COMMON IN CATS OR DOGS? SMALL BREES OR LARGE BREEDS? TO LATERAL OR MEDIAL SIDE?
DOGS>CATS, TOY>>LARGER BREEDS, MEDIAL>LATERAL IN EVERY SIZE / BREED CATEGORY.
-
WHAT PHYSICAL MANIPULATION IS DIAGNOSTIC FOR RUPTURE OF THE CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT?
CRANIAL DRAWER SIGN.
-
WHAT THREE STRUCTURES ARE COMMONLY INJURED WITH CAR CONTACT TO THE LATERAL SIDE OF THR STIFE?
RUPTURE OF CRANIAL CRUCIAE LIG; TEAR OF MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT; TEAR OF MEDIAL MENISCUS.
-
LIST A FEW SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR RUPTURED CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.
PATELLAR TENDON REPLACEMENT, FIBULAR HEAD TRANSPOSTION AND IMBRICATION.
-
HOW IS TRSAL SUBLUXATION OR LUXATION TREATED?
ARTHRODESIS ( FUSE JOINT ) ( BY CURETTING OFF CARTILAGE, ADDING CANCELLOUS BONE 7 PIN, BONE PLATE, OR TENTION BAND WIRE TO IMMOBILIZER
-
IN A DORSAL HIP APPROACH, WHAT STRUCTURE MUST BE AVOIDED?
ISCHIATIC NERVE & CAUDAL GLUTEAL VESSELS
-
WHERE SHOULD INJECTION INTO THE " HAMSTRINGS" BE GIVEN? WHY?
LATERAL OR MEDIAL TO JUNCTION OF THE BICEPS FEMORIS & SEMITENDINOUS MUSCLES TO PROTECT ISCHIATIC NERVE.
-
WHAT MUSCEL IS CUT TO RELIEVE THE PAIN OF HIP DYSPLASIA IN THE DOG?
PECTINEUS - PECTINEAL TENOTOMY
-
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON PROCEDURE TO CHECK THE RELEXES OF THE PELVIC LIMB?
PATELLAR TAP ( REFLEX )
-
WHAT IS FIBROTIC MYOPATHY ( CONTRACTURE )?
SECONDARY TO INJURY=SHORTENING DUE TO SCARING, WHICH RESULT IN GAIT ABNORMALITIES
-
LIST THE MUSCELS INVOLVED WITH INJURY TO THE FEMORAL, OBTURATOR, COMMON FIBULAR ( PERSONEAL ) NERVES? ( CLINICAL SIGNS)
- FEMORAL: QUADRICEPS ( CAN'T BEAR WEIGHT) OBTURATOR: ADDUCTOR MM. ( DOWNERANIMAL / SLIP SIDEWAYS).
- -COMMON FIBULAR: EXTENSORS OF DIGITS ( KNUCKLING OVER )
-
WHERE IS A GOOD PLACE TO TAKE THE PULSE IN CARNIVORES?
FEMORAL ARTERY IN FEMORAL TRIANGLE.
-
WHERE IS VENIPUNCTURE PERFORMED IN THE PELVIC LIMB OF THE DOG?
LATERAL SAPHENOUS VEIN WHERE IT CROSSES LATERAL LEG ( CRANIAL BRANCH ) OR EASIER: JUST DISTAL TO ITS DIVING INTO HAMSTRING MUSCLES.
-
WHERE IS VENIPUNCTURE PERFORMED IN THE PELVIC LIMB OF THE CAT?
MEDIAL SAPHENOUS VEIN.
-
WHERE CAN THE PULSE BE TAKEN IN CARNIVORES IF THE FEMORAL ARTERY IN INACCESSIBLE AS DURING SURGERY?
DORSAL PEDAL, BRACHIAL, LINGUAL, OR COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES.
-
WHAT RESULTS FROM FEMORAL NERVE INJURY AND WHY?
CANT BEAR WEIGHT, CANT EXTEND STIFLE-ANALGESIA TO MEDIAL LIMB ( SAPHENOUS NERVE)
-
INJURY TO WHAT NERVE CAN CAUSE LATERAL SLIPPING AN A SLICK SURFACE?
OBTURATOR NERVE
-
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF FIBULAR ( PERONEAL ) NERVE DAMAGE?
KNUCKLING OVER, ANALGESIA OF DORSAL PES.
-
HOW DOES AN ANIMAL COMPENSATE FOR PERONEAL NERVE DAMAGE?
BY FLIPPING PAW AS ADVANCED
-
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF TIBIAL NERVE DAMAGE?
LITTLE; CALCANEAN CLOSER TO GROUIND ANALGESIA: PLANTAR PES.
-
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF COMPLETE ISCHIATIC NERVE DAMAGE?
UNSTABLE, CAN BEAR WEIGHT ( FEMORAL NERVE OK ); ANALGESIA ENTIRE LEG EXCEPT MEDIALLY.
-
WHAT ARE THE MOST CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PELVIC LIMB NERVES?
OBTURATOR ( IN LARGE ANIMALS ), ISCHIATIC ( TIBIAL & COMMON FIBULAR ), FEMORAL.
-
WHAT IS THE REGION OF AROUND THE PELVIS, HINDQUARTERS, BUTTOCKS?
RUMP OR GLUTEAL REGION.
-
WHAT AREA CONTAINS THE FEMUR?
THIGH
-
WHAT IS THE AREA BETWEEN THE STIFLE JOINT & TARSUS?
LEG
-
WHAT IS THE FOLD OF THE FLANK?
SKIN EXTENDING FROM PELVIC LIMB TO THE ABDOMINAL WALL.
-
list the regions of the pelvic limb from proximal to distal
rump / gluteal region, hip region, thigh, hamstring, popliteal, leg, pes.
-
what joins the head of the femur with the body of the femur?
neck of femur
-
what are the two large knuckle-like structures on the distal femur?
medial & lateral condyles
-
what is the knee cap?
patella
-
what are the parts of the fibula?
head, body & lateral malleolus ( distal part )
-
of what does the proximal row of the taursus consist?
talus, calcaneus ( heel bone )
-
what is the heel bone?
calcaneus
-
what is the self of the calcaneus for lateral head of the deep?
sustentaculum tali
-
how does the dog's metatarus differ from the metacarpus?
1st Mt more reduced, other Mt's slightly longer & dew claw usually absent.
-
name the ball-and-socket joint of the pelvic limb?
hip joint, coxofemoral, or coxal joint.
-
does the cat have a sacrotuberous ligament?
no
-
how are the cruciate ligaments named?
for their attachment to the tibia.
-
what is the relationship between the collateral ligaments and the menisci of the stifle?
medial attached to medial meniscus; lateral separated from lateral meniscus by popliteal tendon.
-
what prevents over flexion of the tarsus?
long plantar ligament
-
what is the fascia lata?
thick lateral deep femoral fascia over the lateral side of the thigh, also aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae lata m.
-
what is the deep fascia over the leg?
deep crural fascia: thick
-
what is the extensor retinaculum of the rear limb?
thickening of deep fascia hold down extensor tendons on dorsal tarsus.
-
list the boundaries of the perineum.
base of tail, ischiatic tuberosities, ventral to vulva or at proximal scrotum.
-
wher do you place your fingers and thumb when expressing anal glands?
ischiorectal fossa
-
list three boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa.
sacrotuberous ligament, pelvic floor covered by internal obturator muscle, pelvic diaphram.
-
what is the perineal body?
fibrous & muscular tissue uniting the anal canal & vagina or bulb od penis
-
list the sublumbar muscles.
psoas minor, iliopsoas & quadratus lumborum.
-
the cranial thigh muscles ( quadriceps ) have what actions?
extend stifle & flex hip
-
what innervates the flexors of the digits and extensors of the tarsus?
tibial nerve.
-
list the adductor muscles supplied by the obturator nerve?
pectineus, gracilis, adductor.
-
what are the attachmentsof the SDF in the dogs pelvic limb?
femur, calcaneus & middle phalanges of digits 2-5.
-
what are the actions of the crural muscles?
- craniolateral; extensors of digits & flexor of the tarus ( called extensors ).
- - Caudal; flrxors of digits & extensors of the tarsus ( called flexors ).
-
what is the innervation of the crural muscles?
- craniolateral extensorsw; common fibular.
- - caudal flexors; tibial.
-
what form the common calcanean tendon?
main; SDF, gastrocnemius, contibuting slips from biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gracilis; also soleus in cat.
-
what part of the pelvic limb is between the stifle and the tarsus?
crus or true leg
-
what are the main extensors and flexors of the digits?
- extensor; long & lateral digital extensors.
- flexors: SDF & DDF
-
what are the five terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?
2 external iliac, 2 internal iliac & median sacral.
-
what are the terminal branches of the internal iliac artery?
internal pudendal & caudal gluteal arteries.
-
what branch of the aorta is the main supply to the pelvic limb?
external iliac artery.
-
what is the largest branch of the popliteal artery?
cranial tibial artery
-
the cranial tibial artery continues as the ___________ on the tarsus?
dorsal pedal artery.
-
what is the palpable lymph node of the pelvic limb? where?
popliteal lymph node, caudal to the stifle ( popliteal area ).
-
what drains the groin, caudal mammary gland and scrotum?
superficial inguinal lymph nodes ( palpable ).
-
what nerve supplies motor innervation to the adductors of the thigh?
obturator nerve.
-
what does the common fibular ( personeal ) nerve innervate?
craniolateral ( extensors of digits, flexors of hock ) & sensory to the skin of dorsal pes.
-
what is innervated by the femoral nerve?
- iliopsoas ( flexor of hip ) & quadriceps & mm.
- (Extensors of stifle ) &sartorius.
-
name the two terminal branches of the ischiatic nerve.
tibial & common fibular ( peroneal ) nn.
-
where is it easiest to identify the tibial nerve?
diving between two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
-
what is the cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve?
saphenous nerve to medial limb.
-
why can the acetabular rim be mistaken for a chip fracture in a radiograph?
because it is an accessory ossification area.
-
how does the head of the femur and the dorsal rim of the acetabulum appear in normal view?
50-60% of head should be inside the rim.
-
describe a OFA hip dysplasia view.
VD hip - extended; dorsal recumbency, limbs pulled caudally & rotated slightly medially so femurs are parallel, patells centered in femoral trochlea, femura and ischiatic tuberosity superimpose, include the stifles & hip bones.
-
when will the OFA ( orthopedic foundation for animals )certify a dog hip dysplasia free?
after its 2 yrs old, from perfect dysplasia films.
-
what is required to get proper hip dysplasia films to be certified by OFA?
sedation or anesthesia, use of a grid, permanet labelling, markers, perfect postioning.
-
what bones should the hip dysplasia VD view include?
below stifle to just above hip bones.
-
how does degenerative change ( djd, osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis ) in hip dysplasia first show up?
osteophyte proliferation - femoral neck usually where joint capsule attaches.
-
list three rasiographic findings of hip dysplasia?
shallow acetabulum, flattened & distorted femoral head < 50-60% of femoral head inside dorsal rim of acetabulum, thickened neck.
-
what may osteophyte proliferation along the neck of the femur look like in hip dysplaisa?
thickened neck of the femur.
-
how is hi dysplasia radiograph evaluated for correct positioning?
obturator formen equal, sacroiliac joints.
-
what are the proliferation along the edges of a cup of the acetabulum called in hip dysplasia?
spurring.
-
why do you look for three fractures if a pelvis is fractured?
pelvis is a box, if it breaks in one part, it has to break in two more locations in order to displace.
-
on the mediolateral projection of the stifle what is the radiolucent ( fat) density seen in the triangle formed by the femur, tibia & diswtal patellar ligament?
subpatellar fat pad.
-
what is hypertrophic asteopahty ( ho )?
lamellar periosteal proliferation on long bones of extremities due to chronic disease usually within thorax causing lameness & pain.
-
how do you recognize a view as being oblique?
view enough DP and lateral films, recognize as not either.
-
what structure is second to the femur in occurence of fractures?
hip bones ( ossa coxae ).
-
where is the distal fragment found in mid shaft fractures of the femur?
displaced caudally ( pull of caudal mm).
-
what is hip dysplasia?
congenital coxal joint instability with slight subluxation to complete luxation of femoral head from acetabulum that progressses to degenerative joint disease ( DJD ).
-
HOW DO THE LIMBS APPEAR WHEN THE CAUDALLY EXTENDED IF THERE IS CRANIODORSAL LUXATION OF THE HIP?
SHORTER IN CAUDAL EXTENTION & LATERALLY ROTATED.
-
HOW DOES A DOG PRESENT WITH CRANIODORSAL LUXATION OF THE HIP?
NON WEIGHT BEARING LAMENESS, LIMBABDUCTED IN A CRANIODORSAL DIRECTION & EXTERNALLY ROTATED.
-
HOW IS THE "THUMB ( TROCHANTERIC DISPLACEMENT) TEST" PREFORMED?
THUMB PUSHED BETWEEN GREATER TROCHANTER & ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY & THE FEMUR EXTERNALLY ROTATE.
-
WHAT OCCURS WITH THE " THUMB TEST" TO A NORMAL DOG?
THUMB WILL BE PUSHED OUT.
-
WHAT CONDITION ARE INDICATED IF THE THUMB IS FORCED FROM BETWEEN THE GREATER TROCHANTER AND ISCHIATIC TUBEROSITY BY ROTATION OF THE FEMUR LATERALLY:
FRACTURE OF NECK / HEAD OF FEMUR OR LUXATION OF HIP.
-
DESCRIBE A CLOSED REDUCTION CRANIODORSAL HIP LUXATION.
GENERAL ASESTHESIA, EXTERNALLY ROTATE THE FEMUR MOVING THE HEAD OVER & AWAY FROM THE ILIUM. PULL THE LIMB DISTALLY & THEN ROTATE FEMUR INTERNALLY SO THE HEAD SNAPS INTO THE ACETABULUM.
-
WHAT CAUSES THE OCCASIONALLY SEEN CAUDOVENTRALLY DIRECTION? WHERE DOES THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR END UP?
FALLS, FEMORAL FEAD GOING INTO THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN.
-
IN WHICH BREEDS DOES RECURRENT LUXATION OF THE PATELLA OCCUR?
TOY BREEDS, MEDIALLY.
-
HOW IS PATELLAR LUXATION DIAGNOSED?
EXTEND THE LIMB & ASSEAA LUXATION.
-
WHAT DOES A SKYLINE RADIOGRAPH OF A PATELLAR LUXATION USUALLY SHOW?
SHALLOW PATELLAR ( TROCHLEAR ) GROOVE.
-
HOW IS PATELLAR LUXATION TREATED SURGICALLY?
DEEPEN TROCHLEAR GROOVE ( TROCHLEOPLASDTY, WEDGE RECESSION ) TO TIBIAL TUBEROSCITY TRANSLOCATION AWAY FROM LUXATION.
-
WHAT TYPE OF LAMENESS IS CAUSED BY RUPTURED CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT?
CARRYING LIMB LAMENESS.
-
WHICH STIFLE'S COLLATERAL LIGAMENT IS MORE COMMONLY INJURED? WHY?
MEDIAL; INJURIES USUALLY COME FROM LATERAL SIDE.
-
WHERE DOES OSTEOCHONDROSIS OCCUR IN THE DOG'S STIFLE MOST FRQUENTLY?
MEDIAL RIDGE OF THE TROCHLEA OF THE FEMUR.
-
PARALYSIS OF WHAT THORACIC AND PELVIC LIMB NERVE RESULTS IN INABILITY TO BEAR WEIGHT? WHY?
HIGH RADIAL NERVE; CANT EXTEND ELBOW. FEMORAL NERVE CANT EXTEND STIFLE.
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