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What is another word for an unsegmented flatworm?
trematodes
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What is a hermaphrodite?
both male and female parts
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The first intermediate host of all the digenetic flukes is always a _____.
snail
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Where are tremadotes found?
near water
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What is typically the second intermediate host?
fish, amphibian, anything that lives near water
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How are tremadotes diagnosed?
large operculated ova seen with centrifugal sedimentation
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What are the different trematodes?
- Fasciola hepatica
- Paragonimus kellicotti
- Alaria
- Nanophyetus salmincola
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What are the large animal flukes?
- Fascoila hepatica
- Fascioloides magna
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Fasciola hepatica is a common _____ fluke.
liver
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What is the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica?
semi-aquatic snail
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Describe the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica.
- immature form leaves snail and encysts on water plants
- ingested by definitive host
- excysts (hatches)
- migrates thru intestinal wall of definitive host
- goes to the liver
- goes to the bile duct
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How long does Fasciola hepatica migrate to the liver before maturing in the bile duct?
6 - 8 weeks
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What can Fasciola hepatica cause?
severe liver damage, may see clostridial disease
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What is bottle jaw?
edema due to hypoproteinemia
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What is albumin?
main protein in plasma
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How are humans infected with Fasciola hepatica?
water
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What pathogenesis does Fasciola cause in cattle?
bottle jaw
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What is the treatment for Fasciola hepataica?
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How do we control Fasicola hepatica?
- molluscicides (kill snails) with copper sulfate
- keep stock off marshy lands
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Dogs and cats get Paragonimus kellicotti from ingesting _____.
the intermediate host or transport host
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What is the pathogenesis of Paragonimus kellicotti?
- 1st intermediate host is the snail
- 2nd intermediate host is a crawfish
- Definitive host are wild animals, dogs, and cats
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Paragonimus kelliotti is a _____ fluke.
lung
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What can paragonimus cause?
chronic lung disease
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How do you diagnosis Paragonimus kellicotti?
large gold operculated egg in sputum using sugar flotation or cent. sedimentation
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What is the treatment for Paragonimus kellicotti?
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Alaria is an _____ fluke.
intestinal
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What animals are affected by Alaria?
dogs and cats
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When do Alaria become pathogenic?
when large numbers exist
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Describe the life cycle of Alaria.
- snail is the first intermediate host
- amphibian (tadpoles) are the second intermediate host
- mice, rats, snakes, and birds may serve as a transport (paratenic) host
- the adults infects in small intestines and the immature flukes infect the lungs
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How do you diagnose Alaria?
large operculated eggs in feces from cent. sedimentation
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What is the treatment for Alaria?
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Nanophyetus salmincola is _____ fluke.
salmon poisoning
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What can the Nanophyetus salmincola fluke do?
produce mild enteritis
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What does Nanphyetus salmincola cause?
gastroenteritis and death
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What does Nanophyetus salmincola mimic?
parvo
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What is the first intermediate host of Nanophyetus salmincola?
snail
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What is the second intermediate host for Nanophyetus salmincola?
salmon
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How do dogs get Nanophyetus salmincola?
from ingesting raw trout and salmon
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How do you diagnose Nanophyetus salmincola?
they are large operculated eggs
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Life cycle of Digenetic Flukes
- operculated egg hatches
- penetrates snail and loses cilia
- becomes a sporocyst - asexual reproduction
- redia
- cercaria
- leaves snail and swims around to find either 2nd IH or encysts on vegetation
- metacercariae eaten by DH
- adult
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What type of trematode is this?
Fasciola hepatica
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Life cycle of Fasciola hepatica
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What type of trematode is this?
Paragonimus kellicotti
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What type of ova is this?
Paragonimus kellicotti ova
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Life Cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti
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What type of trematode is this?
Alaria
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What type of trematode is this?
Nanophyetus salmincola
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Life cycle of Nanophyetus salmincola
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What type of ova is this?
Nanophyetus salmincola
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