NMS

• enolymphatic hydrops
• vertigo, deafness, tinnitis

COWS

• Cold causes nystagmus to the opposite ear
• Warm causes nystagmus to the same ear

for cranial nerve 8

• absence of DTR expeciall patellar
• LMNL

brings out reflexes by cortical distraction

disc, nerve root

lateral malleolus to 5th toe

downt tibal crest to ankle

squeeze calf

squeeze achilles tendon

flicks finger

taps tip of middle finger

strokes pisiform

stoke sital ulnar side of distal forearm

• good
• fair
• poor
• trace
• zero

drop wrist -- radial

claw hand-- ulnar

median nerve-- ape hand

• meralgia parestehtic
• L1, L2
• L2, L3

• tarsal tunnel syndrome (medial plantar nerve)
• Tx: othotics to keep slight inversion

• deep peroneal nerve
• ss simlar to charcot marie tooth

trigger finger

constant pressure on vert body leads to descruction of endplates

flexion contracture of hand ...results in claw like deformity

EPB and AbPL

cerebellum

corticospinal or pyramidal tract

• cape-like or shawl-like
• lateral spinothalamic - pain and temp
• ventral ------------------ crude touch and pressure

• MS
• Scanning speach
• intention tremors
• nystagmus
• 1st sign: weakness in legs
• Best Dx: MRI

• MG, tensilon test, cholinesterase inhibiting drug
• antibodies against ach receptors

• corticospinal tract
• anterior horn only
• LMNL in arms
• UMNL in legs

• PLS
• result of pernicous anemia and degeneration of DCML

• Gullian-barre
• assending paralysis
• degeneration of shwann cells of PNS

• muscular dystrophy
• pseudo-hypertorphy of calves
• gower's sign
• waddeling gait
• incerease in CK-MM, creatinine

charcot marie tooth dz

60

40

• postive: pain
• indicates: SOL

• adson's
• postive: alteration of amplitude of radial pulse
• indicates: cervical rib (Halstead's test too)

• scalenus medius test
• turn head to opposite side, extend, hold breath
• indicates: subclavian artery, scalene medius syndrome

• postive; pain goes away
• indicates: ivf encroachment

• abduct shoulder, bend elbow, extend shoulder, extend elbow
• postive: increase in radiuclar symptoms
• indicates: tos, bpn, meningial irritation

• actively supinate hand and flex elbow
• positive: click or snap in bicipital groove
• indicates: bicipital tendon instability

ECRB

• FCU
• Tx: transverse massage, ultrasound under water, counterforce brace

lateral epicondylitis

• pain on affected leg when raising the unaffected leg
• indiates: medial disc lesion

• 30 SI joint
• 60 Lumbosacral Joint
• 90 Lumbar spine or contralateral SI

• passivley flex chin to chest
• pain radiating down sciatic nerve
• indicates: root sciatica

• SLR, bend, put leg on shoulder. finger pressure over post thigh and thin in pop fossa
• postive: pain in lumbar region or radiculopathy
• BEST TEST FOR SCIATICA

• supine, internally rotate and adduct leg then perform SLR
• postive: radicular pain in leg
• indicates: priformis syndrome

• pain down the involved side
• kemps toward the side of pain = medial
• kemps away from side of pain = lateral

• tight hams
• also, BEERY'S TEST

disc

sciatica

• pain is relieved when going from standing to sitting
• positive: relief of pain
• indicates: tight hams

ankle of opp leg and pushes away to internally rotate hip

• lateral lesion
• medial lesion

• postive: click or snap
• tests the posterior horn of menisucs

• clubfoot
• most common birth defect where heel is elveated and foot is turned inward

achilles rupture

• side lying to seated position
• positive: local thoraco-lumbar pain or lack of ROM
• indicates: AS

• "u, son point to the pain"
• malingerer

• PULSE RATE after aggrevating affected area
• should increase 10 bmp

• used to determine pain threshold
• pressure over mastoid process

• muscle tighness on concave side
• indicates: AS