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social problem
a condition that a signifigant number of people believe should be remedied through collective action; causes/colutions lie with groups/collective action
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sociology
the study of aggregated social behavior
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socialization
how we learn culture
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ideology
belief systems that justify the way social life is organized
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social differention
what makes us different
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social stratification
ranking by age, class, gender, race...
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actors in a social problem
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culture
language, beliefs, values, norms and physical objects that are passed from one generation to the next
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values
what you believe in
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culture shock
experiencing severe differences in culture
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culture relativism
trying to understand a culture on its own terms
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social differention/stratification leads to
gender, glace, racial inequality
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class stratification
a large number of people with similar assets in wealth, eduation, and occupational prestige/mobility
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classes
- upper/capitalist
- middle
- working
- poor/lower
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gender stratification
the signifigance of gender is that it is a social relation that societies use to control members
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race stratification
a human group defined as distinct by virtue of perceiver common physical characterist
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racism
discrimination based on perception of race
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discrimination
based on characteristics (age, weight, sexual orientation...)
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theoretical models
- functionalist
- conflict
- interactionist
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functionalist
order in society through institutions/organizations; stability
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social disorganization theory
subtheory of functionalist perspective. society is organized by expectations and rules (stability). disorganized if normless, culture conflict, breakdown
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conflict theory
macro; arise from contradictions in the way society is organized; classes compete for limited resources
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value conflict theory
subtheory of conflict theory; differences in values and not class conflict;micro
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interactionist
micro; individual level of behavior is analyzed
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labeling
groups label others deviants. the deviants can accept or change the label.
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personal problems
causes/solutions lie in the individual
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ways to research social problems
- ethonography/field observation
- demographic studies
- survey research
- social policy
- social movements
- bibliography research
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social movements/organizations
some groups work to change unjust and are often resisted by the societal status quo; seek to influence public opinion, police and funding through highly skilled media/advocacy campaigns
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campaigns
a series of tactics and strategies designed to bring social change
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stages/phases of social problems
- 1 problem definition
- 2 legitimacy
- 3 re-emergence of demand
- 4 rejection and institution building
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globalization
internationalization of the economy; emerging vision of the world and its resources as globally organized and managed as "free trade"
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factors in globalization
- barriers to trade
- financial restrictions removed
- new organizations
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effects of formal globalization
- restructuring
- more migration
- jobs and displacement
- greater social stratification and inequality
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effects of informal globalization
growth of underground economics
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neoliberalism
- ideology of globalization; entailing:
- 1 state needs to reduce its intervention in economics/social affairs
- 2 markets should be deregulated to tap into the enormous creative energy of the market
- 3 Business and investments should be unrestricted by borders and barriers to allove for full mobility of labor, capital goods and services
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