OB test #1

research questions are formed from information retrieved from this; starting part

answers specific questions & generates theories to explain relationships

# of live births per 1000 ppl

# of deaths of infants under 1 year per 1000 live births

# of deaths of infants less than 28 days of age per 1000 births

death in utero at 20 weeks or more gestations

includes both neonatal and fetal deaths per 1000 live births

# of deaths r/t pregnancy per 100,000 live births

ovum are viable up to ___ hours, sperm up to ___ hours

Implantation occurs _ to _ days after fertilization

This cycle changes; usually day 1-14

fixed; begins when ovulation occurs

released by anterior pituitary; produces changes in the ovaries

responsible for the maturation of ovarian follicle during follicular phase

mature follicle ruptures under the ___ hormone

If fertilization takes place, the fertilized egg secretes ___

first phase of cycle; endometrium sheds

2nd phase, 7 to 14 days, endometrium thickens in response to estrogen; cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, watery, and more alkaline; ferning pattern

follows ovulations; endometrium increases in vascularity under influence of progesterone

occurs only if fertilization does not take place; decrease in estrogen/progesterone, increase in FSH and LH, cycle starts over

first two weeks (Fetal development); teratogen "all or nothing"

3 to 8 weeks of fetal development; exposure to teratogen will cause serious birth defects; most vulnerable

exposure during this period will cause brain damage/cognitivie deficiencies and immaturity of CNS

amniotic fluid is ____, and the test strip will turn ___

Cushions, protects fetus; allows for fetal movement; maintains body temp of fetus;

outer membrane; becomes vascularized and forms the fetal part of the placenta

fetal respiration; provides for exchange of nutrients and wastes; develops by 3rd month

the placenta secretes:

Week 4 growth

Wk. 6-8

By week 8:

Week 12

week 16

week 20

Wk. 24

Wk. 28

WK. 32

Week 36

Week 38

Factors that may influence fetus

protects the cord vessels from stretching/pressure that could interrupt blood flow

cheese like protective covering that coats the baby in utero

______ are the source for amniotic fluid

secreted in breech presentation or fetal distress

insulin antagonist; allows G&D for the mother to provide fetus with nutrients including glucose/protein and induce lactation; peaks between 26-28 weeks, so mother is most predisposed to developing destation diabetes

responsible for enlargement of breast and breastfeeding; most abundant hormone; produced by the fetus' adrenal glands; causes increased contractility of uterus

plays greatest role in maintaining pregnancy; causes decreased contractility of uterus; provides nourishment for the conceptis

if the neural tube does not close, it can cause____

The pt. needs to be educated on:

the blood passes the lungs through ___ and ____

Blood passes the liver through ____

extra fatty deposits around the shoulders, back, and other places; keeps baby warm

lasts 5-6 months after births; gets it last tri of pregnancy

the EDD is calculated by ___

Nagele's Rule formula

conception actually occurs about ___ days before the start of next period time

becomes congested with blood due to estrogen during pregnancy; mucous plug is formed

small bright elevations on face, neck, arms

mask of pregnancy

BV increases 40-50% and peaks at ___ weeks

heart rate increases ____ beats/min

heart is displace to the ___ and may appear ___

enlarging uterus puts pressure on vena cava, interferes with blood return to hear; causes dizziness, pallor, clamminess, lowered BP; the client needs to lie on left side or wedge under right hip

HCT levels of ___ are considered normal

____, ____, and ____ all increase

the fetal heartbeat can be head at ___

fetal movement can be felt __

Rubin's tasks of the mother

pregnancy, includes present

birth after 20 weeks

completion of 37 weeks gestation

born after 10 weeks but before 37 weeks

can see gestational sac ___ to ___ weeks, fetal heart ___ to ____ weeks, and breathing at ___ weeks

done at 8-12 weeks to test for genetic defects

done at 14 weeks to check genetic disorders (need empty bladder)

test for ROM and presencse of amnitoic fluid from external OS of vagina; put on slide

amniotic fluid has a pH of ___, turns paper ___, and is the ___ test

screen at 28 weeks; 1 hr gtt and 3 hr gtt

can cause serious problems for newbown; will screen at 35-37 weeks vaginal swabs

done on RH negative women

conception is about ___ weeks less than gestational age

excessive salvation

increase in RBC and plasma volume

opening between 2 atria

the purpose of the ductus arteriosus is to:

the ductus venosus allows blood to:

stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone and esstrogen until placenta takes over

stimulates uterine growth and increases blood supply

maintains endometrial layer for implantation, prevents spontaneous abortion

inhibits uterine activity, softens connective tissue in cervix

at 12 weeks, the fundus should be about ____

at 16 weeks, the fundus should be:

at 20 weeks, the fundus should be:

around 36/38 weeks, the fetus:

when in true labor, the cervix becomes:

Chadwick's sign is ___ and is due to ____

the softening of the uterus is called ___ and occurs around _____

ability of uterus to flex around the cervix

softening of the cervix is called

Colostrum begins being produced around ____

the ureters become dilated under the effect of ____, which can cause urinary stasis

Decreased peristalsis can lead to:

Morning sickness is attributed to _____

Encourage low fat diets and consumption of crackers to help _____ to subside

Castor oil can cause uterine irritability and can cause a woman to:

oxygen needs ____, due to the needs of fetus

pregnant women breathe more _______, but RR ____

______ relaxes the airways, causes less resistance, and allows woman to effectively breathe deeper

Breathing changes from ____ to _____

A heart murmur may be heard around ____ weeks and until birth; it peaks about ____ to ____ weeks

The cardiac output increases by ___ to ____ % and peaks at ___ weeks

Pregnancy impedes blood flow to lower extremities, causing ___ and ____

tell pregnant women to sleep on their ____ in order for the blood to perfuse the fetus

edema of hands and face may indicate ____

Encourage women to avoid:

RBCs and plasma levels _____

hematocrit levels decrease to about _____

plasma level increases more than RBCs, which causes ______

if hematocrit drops below _____, than true iron deficiency anemia probably exists

Weight gain during pregnancy should be around ____ to ___ lbs;

pregnant women should visit their doctor every ___ weeks until 28 weeks, every ___ weeks until 36 weeks, and every week until birth

1st tri, the woman should gain about 3.5 to 5 pounds a week; after that, about _____

____ pelvis is most desirable for birthing

What tests are performed for the 1st prenatal visit?

If a mother is rH negative, immunoglobulins will be administered at beginning of week

____ is administered to a rH negative mother; if she has not been previosuly sensitized, she cannot become sensitized until the birth of the first baby

_____ titer will be drawn, and the goal is for the result to be ____

______ is seen in the urine if a mother becomes pre-eclamptic

____ screens for alpha fetal protein to test for neural tube defects

measures HCG, unconjugated estriol; conducted between 15-20 weeks; possiblity of Down's sndrome or neural tube defects

_____ can be aspirated around 8-12 weeks for the purpose of genetic testing; risks are higher than the risks of amniocentesis

Women should be encouraged to keep ____ at 28 weeks

The baby should move about ___ times in the first 30 minutes

fluid is taken from os; if it turns blue, then the membranes are ruptures; ok if it is around or after 37 weeks

glucose tolerance test is conducted between ___ and ____ weeks gestation

Women are tested for ______ very late in pregnancy (35-36 weeks)

Daily caloric intake should increase by _____ calories per day

at least _ servings per day of folic acid should be taken

Excessive vitamin __ can cause coagulation problems

___, ____, and ___ are the nutritional supplements recommended during pregnancy

a pregnant adolescent needs at least ___ mg of calcium per day

Cocaine causes _____

___ can be used to treat withdrawal symptoms during pregnancy

antagonist to insulin; allows glucose to get to fetus, but also causes pancreas to produce more insuli to meet the body's need

hemoglobin for pregnant women should not be lower than ____

most oxygenated; carries oxygenated blood to fetus

mask of pregnancy

if blood sugar is above ___ on the 1 hour test, than the 3 hour test needs to be performed

causes of bleeding in the first half of pregnancy include:

causes of bleeding in 2nd half of pregnancy include:

bleeding/cramping are present; cervix is still closed; requires bed rest

cervix has dilated, causing loss of fetus

all products of conception are lost

retain some products of conception, requires D&C

retention of the products of conception after fetal death up to 12 weeks a D&C is performed and after 12 weeks oxytocin is administered to induce labor

abdnormal development of placenta; no fetal tissue

excessive vomiting during pregnancy

140/90 or greater

180/110

administer _____ to prevent seizures in PIH

respiration less than 12, absence of deep tendon reflexes, urinary output of less than 30, coonfusion, lethargy, drooling, hypotension, difficulty swallowing are signs of ___

__________ is the antidote for magnesium sulfate and should be given IV

RUQ pain, N/v, high morbidity, and mortality rate, elevated liver enzymes

looking for blood b/w rectum and uterus which indicates bleeding from fallopian tube