biol141TEST2-11.12.13.14.txt

The endocrine system coordinates body activities and maintains homeostasis through _________.

Some drugs that bind to steroid hormone receptors are called agonists. They must be _______.

True or false? Water-soluble hormones pass through the plasma membrane on their own
True False

Red bone marrow cells respond to a hormone called erythropoietin. Why doesn�t a liver or kidney cell respond to this hormone?

The adenohypophysis is AKA the ______________

the neurohypophysis is AKA the ______________

ADH & oxytocin are produced by the _________ lobe of the pituitary gland

FSH, LH, Growth hormone, TSH, ACTH, and Prolactin are produced by the _________

True or false? The hypothalamus is often called the �master endocrine gland� since it secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands
True False

Over-secretion of which hormone will result in acromegaly?

Growth hormone stimulates growth, especially in muscles and bones. What specific structure in bones contains many target cells for this hormone?

(Kennedy) autoimmune disorder in which the cells of the adrenal cortex are perceived as foreign. inadequate secretion of ACTH, bronzing of the skin, weight loss, etc

Results in redistribution of body fat and accumulation of fluid in the face, fatigue, high blood pressure, and elevated glucose levels.oversecretion of glucocorticoids or a tumor on either the adrenal cortex or anterior pituitary .

The adrenal medulla secretes hormones used by the ____ nervous system.

Too little thyroid hormone secretion causes ...

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclasts. This would ____ calcium levels in the blood.

Which endocrine gland might be involved in Seasonal Affective Disorder, which occurs in some people during winter, when the days are shorter?

Which pancreatic hormone functions to increase blood glucose levels?

Glucagon stimulates the liver to break glycogen down into _________, which is then released into the bloodstream

A person�s own immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas responsible for insulin production

Characterized by a decreased sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance)

the plasma membrane of muscles is the _______________

_________ is the site where a motor neuron stimulates a muscle

voluntarily controlled muscles:

Muscle groups that work together are called __________.

area from one Z line to the next is the _____________

The structural and contractile unit of a skeletal muscle is a __________.

Calcium is stored in specialized _______ called a ________.

The two types of myofilaments in sarcomeres are __________.

Sarcomeres shorten when ______ binds to _______.

after death: within 3-4 hours, muscles become ____; after 2-3 days become _________

At a neuromuscular junction, the motor neuron stimulates a muscle fiber by releasing ______, which binds to receptors

When acetylcholine binds to protein receptors on the muscle fiber�s plasma membrane, _______ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Muscle fibers shorten when the tension produced is just greater than the load: _____

Muscles can�t shorten because the load is too great:______

which muscle fiber type is most powerful?

The molecule that provides energy for muscle contraction is ____________.

_______________ uses oxygen and glucose.

Wendy the whippet and other "jacked-up" mammals are due to decreased ____________ levels

_________ connects bone to muscle

True or false? Anemia of any type causes a lack of oxygen in the tissues, stressing and eventually killing cells
True False

a cancer of WBC, causing # of wbc to decrease

An increase in ______ indicates the presence of parasites

Leukocytes function in ____, while platelets(thrombocytes), _____.

Oxygen is primarily transported by ____.

What is the metal responsible for oxygen-binding in the hemoglobin molecule?

True or false? The reason that erythrocytes don�t live very long is that cells without DNA are unable to produce and repair old, worn out cell parts
True False

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported by ________.

What cell gives rise to all other blood cells?

A bone marrow transplant replaces diseased bone marrow with that from a donor. What complications might you expect from this procedure?

What stimulates the production of red blood cells?

universal donor:__, universal recipient:____

Type A red blood cells contain ___ antigens and those individuals make anti-___ antibodies

Blood type ___ contains no antigens, while blood type ___ makes no antibodies

Rh__ mother and Rh_____ baby = antigens formed for the NEXT fetus

what is the initial stimulus for a blood clot to form?

Albumin,Fibrinogen,Keratin,Prothrombin: which is not found in the blood??

A condition in which parasites block the passage of lymphatic fluid returning to blood

reduced ability of RBC to carry oxygen (by low hemoglobin or RBC count)

___________ do NOT have ducts

glucagon and insulin-- this is an example of antagonistic ______ feedback

tyrosine - kinase receives ________

the binding messenger for calcium (modulates it)

results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty

short range prostate chemicals that may have anti-inflamitory potential

expothalamos and Grave's disease are linked with overactive ________

_________: regulates calcium

the bone-to-bone connector

a single motor neuron and its innervated muscle connection

___________ filaments contain the myosin heads; ______ filaments hold the actin binding sites

the NT at the end plate is ______________

group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion

The order of muscle energy used, from first to last:
1:
2:
3:

Sprinters: ______ twitch (type __)

endurance runners: _____ twitch (type __)

occurs in skeletal muscles in response to strength training

______ muscle does NOT have striations

large, bumpy axon node sites where Action Potentials are created

a cardiovascular break in the "plumbing"

this can be "smelled" by the other cells; it is involved in immunity recognition (A, B, AB, etc.)

the test used to determine blood type. Cells clump together when an antibody is present and brings them together

"Normal" blood pressure systolic / diasystolic

PATHWAY OF HEART(veins to arteries)
1)_____ atrium leads to 2) ______ ventricle. Then, 3) _____ pulmonary to the lung(CO2 OUT). 4) (O2) comes in the ____ atrium

venous travel is by muscle pumping, valves, and ________

bubonic plague was due to inflamed ________

tachycardia is defined as ________ beats per minute

The medulla oblongata is critical in __________

_______ Occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to match oxygen usage in the tissues

________: Due to low blood volume from an injury, dehydration, or burns

Occurs when cardiac output is not sufficient to maintain blood flow required by the body:

total peripheral resistance and stroke volume are ______ related

stroke volume _________ when Contractility or EDV (end-diastolic volume) increases