l&p quiz 5

• a) propaganda refers to the spreading of ideas to help or injure someone (usually some one in public office), a group, or a country.
• b) Using various actions (including communicative means) to bring a course of action that is either socially beneficial or socially harmful.
• c) Appealing to emotions rather than reason

• · A language which pretends to communicate but does not.
• · Doublespeak is often used to mislead.
• · It alters our perception of reality, breads suspicion, cynicism, distrust and hostility.
• · Doublespeak may be done through the use of Euphemisms (words designed to avoid harsh or distasteful reality).Euphemisms can sugar-coat the truth and distort reality.

• -A politician identifying his program with virtue by the use of "virtue words." ·
• -The political actor through words of virtue appeal to our emotions of love, generosity, and brotherhood. ·
• -The words suggest shining ideals which people of goodwill will readily accept. ·
• -Glittering generalities make us accept facts without examining them. ·
• - Makes an audience personify an idea.
• Examples: Patriotism, compassionate, truth, a uniter, loyalty, freedom to chose,
• honor, liberty, social justice, public service, the right to work, affirmative
• access, progress, democracy, the American way, Constitution-defender,

• · Employing device(s) like symbols, colors, music, movement, dramatic arts to making people follow the crowd, accept program en masse.
• · Band wagon involves harnessing fear, prejudices, hate, biases, convictions, ideals common to a group.

• · Employing all the arts of deception to win support.
• · Involves stacking the cards against the truth.
• · Using under-emphasis and over-emphasis to evade facts and dodge issues.
• · Resorting to lies, censorship, distortion, false testimony.
• · Omission of facts ·
• - Raising new issues to make old embarrassing one disappear or forgotten.
• · Employing sham, hypocrisy, effrontery (shameless boldness).
• · Used to build up a candidate, a political course of action including war.
• · Used to destroy another individual, political party or country by making one’s course of action seem or look credible although it may be worthless.

• · Carrying over the authority, sanction, and prestige of something (e.g., church, nation, heritage) the electorate or public respects and revere to something a political actor would them to accept.
• · Getting churches to go against abortion and then transferring that authority into one’s political program.
• ---May involve the use of symbolism: crucifix for Catholicism, swastika for anti-Semitism or Nazism
• (often used by a hate group)

• · Making the public accept anything from a movie, a cultural truism, a to a program of national policy.
• · Mr. Regan: Vote for the Gipper
• · Gipper = grandfather or movie character

Overwhelming the audience with words. Alan Greenspan

• -Words and expressions used with the aim of making the ordinary seem extraordinary·
• -Words and expressions used to make everyday things seem impressive·
• -Words and expressions used to give an air of importance to people or situations, to make the simple complex.

• - Use of specialized language of a trade, profession or similar group such as, lawyers, doctors, politicians, etc.
• - Jargons allows professional to carry out effective communication. ·
• - When professionals use jargons to speak with non-professionals then it becomes doublespeak.

• A political slogan is a catchword or rallying motto distinctly associated with a political party or other group.
• Like any newly created words, the effectiveness of a slogan depends on its acceptability by the general public.
• Slogans are generally brief statements of a single idea.
• They are easy to remember and repeat.
• They are usually three to four words

Mostly moralistic e.g., I will never lie; a government as good as the people conciliations: panama Canal Treaty (Foreign conciliation); Decontrol of gasoline prices (domestic program), environmental protection (domestic program); human rights (foreign conciliation); deregulation of airlines (domestic program); Camp David Accords (foreign conciliation). aggression: energy crises (from energy crises--the moral equivalent of war).

• get the government off the backs of the people
• reduce government spending
• tax reduction
• the new American revolution
• strategic defense initiative
• just say no

• I want a kinder , gentler America
• No new taxes
• the education president
• war on drugs
• operation desert storm
• the new world order

• the new covenant (campaign promise)
• reinventing government (campaign promise)
• putting people first (campaign promise)
• MaeriCorps
• end welfare as we know it
• the era of big government is over
• North American Free trade Agreement

• Slogans express political actors’ intentions for their administrations.
• To increase acceptance of a proposal by associating it with a brief memorable phrase
• It is a vivid stimulus associated with a proposal
• They are viewed as valid promise(s) by political actors.
• They are prominent and frequently repeated attributes of political actors or administrations
• They provide an insight into the personality of the president

• (a) the group of words do not have to be used frequently in other contexts;
• (b) the slogan must be proposed multiple times by the political actor or members of his party
• (c) the slogan must be repeated many times by journalists and other political commentators.
• (d) the political must view the Public’s sentiments toward the slogan.