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Ventricular Contraction
systole
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Ventricular relaxation
diastole
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Typical patter of blood vessels:
heart-artery-arteriole- capillary-venule-vein-heart
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Pressure in arteries is _____. Pressure in capillaries and in veins is ______.
High, low
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Arterioles serve to __________ pressure.
reduce
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The heart pumps blood through _______.
vessels
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Arteries are likea soft rubber hose maintaining a __________ flow of blood. The pressue is high during ________. During _________ the contraction of distended arteries provides some pressure.
pressurized, systole, diastole
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Exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide occurs in the _____________ in the lungs
capillaries
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_______________ are tubular organs with thick walls comprised of three layers.
Blood vessels
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The innermost layer of blood vessels; an edothelium continuous with the lining of the heart
Tunica intima
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Provides ability of Tunica intima to expand and recoil
internal elastic lamina
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The middle layer of blood vessels; smooth muscle and elastin
Tunica media
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The smooth muscle of the tunica media is under ____________ innervation
autonomic
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The outer layer of blood vessles; connective tissue; extermal elastic lamina
Tunica exterma AKA adventitia
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Tunica means _______. Think of as a "turtle-neck sweater." A capillary wearing 3 turtle-neck sweaters is _______.
coat, an artery
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Capillaries consist of only
endothelium
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Continuous Capillaries
gases (O2 and CO2), water lipids
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Fenestrated Capillaries
molecules, peptides (hormones), etc
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Sinusoid Capillaries
"open space", proteins and cells, liver and spleen
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High pressure tubes, large amounts of elastin for stretch.
-expand to receive blood
-when ventricles relax, they recoil and pump more
-Eg) pulmonary trunk and aorta
Elastic Arteries
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Most arteries, mid-sized, mostly tunica media with think smooth muscle
Muscular arteries
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Tiny vessels, mostly smooth muscle, bp is regulated by _________ of the vessels.
Arterioles, diameter
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Sides of exchange of gases, nutrients, fluid, etc. Lumen is just larget enough to allow blood cells to squeeze through.
Capillaries
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Veins have: (Versus Arteries)
-_________ CT
-_____ muscle
-Walls are __________
-Have __________ lumens
-Medium sized veins have valves to ________________ of blood and aide circulation
-Large veins, like vena cava, have longitudinal ________________ in tunica externa
- more
- less
- thinner
- larger
- prevent backflow
- smooth muscle
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Location of the ascending aorta
within pericardium (middle mediastinum)
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The first branches off of the aorta are
the right and left coronary artery
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The arch of the aorta is above the pericardium in the _______________________
superior mediastinum
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There are 3 branched off of the __________________
arch of the aorta
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The first branch of the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk
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A trunk is ___________ before it branches
an artery
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The brachiocephalic trunk branches into:
- the right ______________ artery
- the _____________________ artery which supplies the head
- subclavian
- right common carotid
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The second branch of the aortic arch
left common carotid
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The third branch off of the arch of the aortia
left subclavian artery
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The branching patterin off of the arch of the aorta is/is not symmetrical
IS NOT
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The arch continues as the ________________ or thoracic aorta
descending
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The descending aorta is in the ___________________ and becomes the ____________ aorta.
poserior mediastinum, abdominal aorta
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The abdominal aorta bifurcates into right and left ______________________ arteries, which then branch into _____________________________ arteries.
right and left common iliac, internal and extermal iliac
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Systemic Circuit
1) Oxygenated blood is pumped from the ________ atrium to the _____ ventricle and then to the _______.
2) Blood passes from the ___________ into elastic arteries and then into _________ arteries before entering _______.
3)Blood in _______________ eneters systemic capillaries for exchange of gas and nutrients.
4)Deoxy blood exits capillary beds into ___________ and then into ____________
5) Deoxy blood is conducted to either the ______________ or _______________ and then enters the ______ atrium.
- 1) left, left, aorta
- 2) aorta, muscular, arterioles
- 3) arterioles
- 4) venules, veins
- 5) superior or inferior vena cava, right
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Pulmonary Circuit:
6) Blood flows from ______ atrium to the _______ ventricle and then is pumped into the __________.
7) the _______________ conducts deoxy blood into pulmonary arteries to the ________.
8) The blood passes through smaller and smaller arteries before entering _____________ for gas exchange.
9) oxy blood exits the lungs bia a series of progressively larger veins that merge to form the ____________.
10) blood enters the _________ ventricle from the ________ atrium. The cycle repeats
- 6) right, right, pulmonary trunk
- 7) pulmonary trunk, lungs
- 8) pulmonary capillaries
- 9) pulmonary veins
- 10) left, left
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The common carotid artery splits to become the ____________ and _____________ arteries.
internal and external carotid
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The _____________ carotid artery branches first and has many branches. It supplies mainly the face.
external
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The ____________ carotid artery supplies the anterior and middle of the brain.
Internal
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The __________artry supples the posterior of the brain.
Vertebral
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The vertebral artery is a branch off of the ____________ artery, and it travels through _____________________ of cervial vertebrae.
subclavian, transverse foramina
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The internal carotid and vertebral arteries unite to form ____________.
cerebral arterial circle AKA circle of willis
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The internal carotid artery branches to form the _________ and ___________ arteries
anterior and middle cerebral
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The right and left vertebral arteries join to form the ___________ artery.
basilar
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The basilar artery splits into the _______________ arteries
posterior cerebral
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The two anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the _____________________ artery.
Anterior communicating
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The two posterior cerebral arteries connect to the middle cerebral arteries by the __________________ arteries.
posterior communicating arteries
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The subclavian artery becomes the __________ artery as it passes the first rib.
axillary
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The axillary artery becomes the _______________ artery as it passes the _______________ muscle.
brachial, teres major
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The brachial artery split to become the __________ and _____________ arteries.
radial and ulnar
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The ______________ artery is a branch off of the brachial artery. It runs deep to supply to extensor muscles of the arm.
deep brachial
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The _______________________ artery is a branch off of the ulnar artery
common interosseus
-
The radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form these arches in the palm of the hand
superficial and deep palmar arches
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Arteries branching from the brachial artery are called ____________ arteries.
Collateral
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In case of a blockage of the brachial artery in the elbow, blood will continue to reach the forearm by ________.
collateral arteries
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Arteries from the radial or ulnar arteries are called ____________ arteries
recurrent
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Collateral and recurrent arteries anastomose to form ________________
collateral circulation
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The abdominal aorta birfucates to form the ______ and _________ arteries
right and left common iliac
-
The common iliac arteries again bifurcate in the pelvis as the ______ and __________ arteries
internal and external iliac arteries
-
The exernal iliac artery that passes under the inguinal ligament
femoral artery
-
the femoral artery gives off a branch called the _______________ artery. Also caleld the profunda femoris, which supplies hamstring muscles
deep femoral
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The femoral artery passes from the the ________ to the _________ side of the thigh.
anterior to posterior
-
A hole in the Adductor magnus muscle
Adductor Hiatus
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The femoral artery behind the knee
Popliteal artery
-
Collateral circulation around the knee = ___________ arteries
genicular (genu = knee)
-
The popliteal artery splits into the ____ and ____________ ________ arteries.
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
-
The anterior tebial supplies the _____ compartment of the leg (___________ muscles)
anterior, extensor
-
The posterior tibial artery supplies the ______ compartment of the leg (_______ muscles)
posterior, flexor
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The __________ ____________ aRrtery forms when the anterior tibial artery passes into the dorsum of the foot.
Dorsalis pedis
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A line from medial to lateral malleolus divides the _______ tibial and ____________ ______.
anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis
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The Dorsalis pedis artery terminates as the ___________ artery.
Arcuate
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The arcuate artery sends perforating arteries to anastomose when arteries in the _______ foot.
plantar
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The posterior tibial artery gives off a branch = ____________ artery, which supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles
Peroneal (fibular)
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The posterior tibial artery branches in the plantar surface of the foot = _____ and _____________ arteries, which anastomose to form the plantar arch
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
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The aorta in the thorx is called the __________ or thoracic aorta, which is found in the __________ mediastinum.
Descending, posterior
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The thoracic aorta gives off ______________ arteries that supply intercostal muscles
posterior intercostals
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The _______________ arteries on each side of the sternum are branches off of the ______________ arteries.
Internal thoracic, subclavian
-
Internal thoracic arteries give off ________________ arteries, which supply intercostal muscles.
Anterior intercostal
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The Anterior and posterior intercostals arteries anastomose to supply _____________ muscles.
intercostals
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The aorta in the abdomen is the _________________ aorta
abdominal
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There are three major branches of the abdominal aorta to organs of digestion
- 1) Celiac trunk - to live, stomach and spleen
- 2) superior mesenteric artery- to small and first part of large intestine
- 3) Inferior mesenteric artery - to second part of colon and rectum
-
The arterial supply to the kidneys is the ___________ arteries
renal
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THe arterial supply to reproductie organs is the _______ arteries
gonadal
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The _____ and ____________ arteries branch off of aorta in pairs.
renal and gonadal
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The abdominal aorta branches to become the ______ and __________ arteries
right and left common iliac
-
The external iliac artery becomes the __________ artery
femoral
-
The internal iliac artery supplies the organs in the _________.
pelvis: bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum and gluteal muscles
-
The internal iliac artery gives off branches = the ______ and ____________ arteries
superior and inferior gluteal
-
IN the gluteal region, the superior and inferior gluteal arteries run with the superior and inferior ______________.
gluteal nerves
-
The superior gluteal artery aupplies the ____________, __________ and _____________.
gluteus medius, minimus and tensor facia lata
-
The inferior gluteal artery supplies the _________.
gluteus maximus
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Arterires conduct blood __ from the heart into capillaries of tissues or organs.
away
-
Arteries are _______________ vessels.
high-pressure
-
Viens being at capillaries and return blood from tissues or organs __________ the heart
toward
-
Veins are _____________ vessels
low-pressure
-
Arteries and veins usuall travel together and bear the same name except
Aorta vs. __________ and ___________; and the Carotid artery vs. ___________ vein.
interior and superior vena cava, jugular
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Superficial veins of the extremities serve as _____________, travel in the _____________ and have no accompanying arteries.
heat radiators, hypodermis
-
There are three types of capillaries:
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid
-
__________ ________ are special systems where an artery or vein is insertevessels d between two capillary beds.
"Portal" vessels
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__________ generally DO have valves; _________ generally do NOT have valvles; but the _______ and ____________ both have semilunar valves (exceptions)
Veins, arteries, aorta and pulmonary trunk
-
Arteries form _____________ around joints, the brain, the heart, and other important organs; this situation is called _____________.
anastomoses, collateral circulation
-
Very large arteries have their own blood supply; these blood vessels are called __________.
Vasa vasorum
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In the extremities, numerous veins accompany a names artery. These veins are called _______________.
vena comitantes
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Ascending aorta gives off the __________________________ arteries
right and left coronary
-
The left coronary artery gives off the _________________, _________________, and ______________ arteries.
anterior interventricular, left marginal and circumflex
-
The right coronary arter branches into the _________, _____________ and _____________ arteries.
Right marginal, nodal to the SA node, posterior interventricular
-
There are three branches of the arch of the aorta
- 1) brachiocephalic trunk (common carotid and right subclavian)
- 2) left common carotid
- 3) left subclavian
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