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allele
a third of genes have 2 or more different forms
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dominant allele
the allele that, if present, gets expressed
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recessive allele
the allele thats not expressed if a dominant allele is present
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homozygous
a person inherits either 2 of the same allele
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heterozygous
a person inherits different forms of a gene from parents
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ability to roll your tongue
dominant trait
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having straight hair
recessive trait
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genetic expression
- -a single gene can affect multiple traits
- - both alleles can be fully expressed or blended
- - most behavioral traits like shyness involve contributions of several genes
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behavioral genetics
study of the effects of hereditary behavior and psychological characteristics
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polygenic traits
a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait
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mendelian inheritance patterns
each allele from both parents gets distrubuted resulting in 4 combinations (Bb and Bb = BB, Bb, Bb, and bb)
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PKU phlenylketonuira
recessive disorder in which phenylalanine cannot be metabolized, and with a normal diet, mental retardation results.
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hemophilia
X linked disorder in which blood does not clot normally
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red green color blindness
x linked disorder
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fragile x syndrome
x linked disorder involving a mental retardation
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x linked disorders
linked to the x chromosome, thus expressed more often in men
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down syndrome
a disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosome pair
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symptoms of down syndrome (4 of them)
- - distinctive facial features
- - slow motor development
- - some degree of mental retardation
- - mild temperment
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turners syndrome
absence of one X chromosome in female
- - tend to have broad chests, short, webbing of the neck & drooping eyelids
- - ovaries fail to develop
- - deficiencies in spatial perception
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XYY syndrome
an extra Y chromosome in males
- above average stature, speech delay, learning disabilities, behavior disturbance
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klinefelters syndrome
an extra x chromosome in males
- somewhat feminized body build, incomplete development of sex characteristics at puberty
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human genome project
scientific mission to create a directory of the genes that can be used ot answer questions such as what specific genes do and how they work
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human genome project challenges
- - discover the hereditary genes that contributes to common diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, mental illness and cancer
- - develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of disease
- - discover interaction between the susceptibility genes and their interaction with the environment
- - promote early detection of the genetic diseases
- - develop technology that can sequence entire genome of any person for less than $1,000.
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