-
human body made of
cells, tissues, organs, systems
-
cell
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- cytology
-
Cytology
study of cells and their functions
-
no matter what shape or function all cells have
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
-
Tissues
A tissue is formed when like cells are grouped together and function together to perform a specific activity.
- connective
- epithelial
- muscle
- nervous
-
Histology
the study of tissue
-
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue produces movement in the body through contraction, shortening in length, and is composed of individual muscle cells called muscle fibers.
-
Three basic types of muscles
- skeletal muscles- attached to bone
- smooth muscles- found in internal organs-blood vessels
- cardiac- heart
-
Epithelial Tissues
- epithelium found throughout the body
- composed of close-packed cells
- form the covering for and lining of body structures.
- protective layer
- absorbs and secretes substances
- excretes wastes (kidney tubules)
-
Connective tissues
- supporting and protectin tissue in body structures
- adipose - provides protective padding around body structures
- bone- structural support for whole body
- cartilage- shock absorber in joints
- tendons- tightly connect muscle to bone
-
Nervous Tissue
- Nervous tissue is made up of cells called neurons that form
- allows for conduction of electrical impulses between brain and rest of the body.
- brain
- nerves
- spinal cord
-
Organs/ Organ Systems
- composed of several different types of tissue that work as a unit to perform special functions.
- Integumentary
- Musculoskeletal
- Cardiovascular
- Blood
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive/GI
- Urinary
- Female Reproductive
- Male reproductive
- Endocrine
- Nervous
- Special senses
- ophthamology
- Otorhinolaryngology
-
Body Planes
- Coronal
- coronal section
- cross-section
- frontal plane
- frontal section
- horizontal plane
- longitudinal
- median plane
- sagittal plane
- sagittal section
- transverse plane
- transverse section
-
Sagittal plane/ Median plane
- runs lengthwise
- front to back
- divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions
-
Frontal plane/coronal plane
divides body into front and back portions
-
Transverse plane/horizontal plane
- crosswise plane that runs parallel to the ground.
- upper and lower portions of the body.
-
cross-section and longitudinal section
- longitudinal section - produced by a lengthwise slice along the long axis of a structure
- cross-section- view produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of the structure
-
Body Regions
- Abdominal
- brachial
- cephalic
- crural
- dorsum
- gluteal
- lower extremeties
- pelvic region
- thoracic region
- trunk
- upper extremities
- vertebral region
-
Cephalic region
the entire head
-
cervical region
neck region that connects to the trunk
-
Trunk
- the torso
- sub-divided into different regions
- anterior and posterior
-
Anterior side
- thoracic
- abdominal
- pelvic
- pubic
-
Posterior side
- dorsum-back
- vertebral region
- gluteal-buttock
-
Upper extremeties
Lower extremeties
attached to the trunk
-
brachial regions
the arms
-
Crural regions
lower extremities
-
Body cavities
- abdominal
- abdominalpelvic
- cranial
- diaphragm
- mediastinum
- parietal layer
- parietal peritoneum
- parietal pleura
- pelvic cavity
- pericardial
- peritoneum
- pleura
- pleural
- spinal
- thoracic
- viscera
- visceral layer
- visceral peritoneum
- visceral pleura
-
cranial cavity
contains the brain
-
spinal cavity
contains spinal cord
-
ventral cavities
- thoracic cavity
- abdominalpelvic cavity
-
Thoracic cavity contains
two lungs and mediastinum
-
Mediastinum contains
The heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland
-
Diaphragm
The physical wall between the thoracic cavity and the abdominalpelvic cavity
-
abdominal cavity
- divided into superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity
- The organs are thought of as one group referred to as the internal organs or viscera
|
|
