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Structures of the Lymphatic System:
- 1. Major structures are:
- .....a. Lymph
- .....b. Lymphtic vessels and ducts
- .....c. Lymph nodes
- 2. Additional structures are:
- .....a. Tonsils (adenoids, palatine tonsils & lingual tonsils)
- .....b. Thymus
- .....c. Spleen
- .....d. Lacteals
- .....e. Peyer's patches
- .....f. Veriform appendix
- .....g. Lymphocytes
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Structures of the Immune System:
1. Unlike other body systems, the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessel.
2. Immune functions depend on structures from several other body systems
- 3. First lines of defense:
- .....a. Intact skin
- .....b. Respiratory system
- .....c. Digestive system
- .....d. Lymphatic system
- 4. Antigen-Antibody Reaction:
- .....a. Antigen
- .....b. Allergen
- .....c. Antibody
- .....d. Immunoglobulins
- 5. Specialized Cells of the Antigen-Antibody Reaction:
- .....a. Lymphocytes
- .....b. B cells
- .....c. Dendritic cells
- .....d. T cells
- ..........(1) Interferon
- ..........(2) Lymphokine
- ..........(3) Macrophage
- ..........(4) Phagocyte
- .....e. Complement
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Lymph
- 1. Fluid that removes from the tissues:
- .....a. Cellular waste products
- .....b. Pathogens
- .....c. Dead blood cells
- 2. Combining form: lymph/o
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Lymphatic Vessels & Ducts
1. Return lymph from tissue to circulatory system
2. Combining form: lymphangi/o
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Lymph nodes
1. Filter pathogens & harmful substances from the lymph.
2. Combining form: lymphaden/o
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Tonsils & Adenoids
1. Protect the entry into the respiratory system
2. Combining form: tonsill/o and adenoid/o
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Spleen
1. Acts as a blood reservoir
2. Destroys worn-out blood cells
3. Filters foreign materials from the blood.
4. Maintains appropriate balance between cells & plasma in the blood.
5. Releases hemoglobin
6. Stores platelets
7. Combining form: splen/o
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Bone Marrow
1. Produces blood cells including erythrocytes & leukocytes.
2. Combining form: myel/o
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Lymphocytes
1. Specialized white blood cells that play an important role in immune reactions.
2. Combining form: lymphocyt/o
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Thymus
1. Endocrine gland located above heart.
2. Composed largely of lymphoid tissue
3. Secretes endocrine thymosin that aids in maturation of T lymphocytes for use by the immune system.
4. Combining form: thym/o
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Immune System
- 1. Defends the body against harmful substances such as:
- .....a. Allergens
- .....b. Malignant Cells
- .....c. Pathogenic microorganisms
- .....d. Toxins
2. Combining form: immun/o
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immun/o
Combining form meaning protected.
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onc/o
Combining form meaning tumor
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cervic/o
Combining form meaning neck
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-al, -ary, -ic, -tic
Suffixes meaning pertaining to
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axill/o
Combining form meaning armpit
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inguin/o
Combining form meaning groin
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lymph/o
Combining form meaning lymph
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aden/o
Combining form meaning gland
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lymphaden/o
Combining form meaning lymph node
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angi/o
Combining form meaning vessel
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lymphangi/o
Combining form meaning lymph vessel
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-oma
Suffix meaning tumor
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-edema
Suffix meaning swelling
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splen/o
Combining form meaning spleen
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-megaly
Suffix meaning abnormal enlargement
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-rrhagia
Suffix meaning bleeding
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anti-
Prefix meaning against
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-cyte
Suffix meaning cell
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macro-
Prefix meaning large
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-phage
Suffix meaning cell that eats
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phag/o
Combining form meaning to eat or swallow
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-therapy
Suffix meaning treatment
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cyt/o
Combining form meaning cell
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megal/o
Combining form meaning large
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vir/o
Combining form meaning virus
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bi/o
Combining form meaning life or pertaining to life
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bacteri/o
Combining form meaning bacteria
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-cide
Suffix meaning death
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-static
Suffix meaning control
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fung/i
Combining form meaning fungus
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neo-
Prefix meaning new or strange
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ne/o
Combining form meaning new or strange
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-plasm
Suffix meaning formation
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-ology
Suffix meaning study of . . .
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-ologist
Suffix meaning specialist in . . .
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my/o
Combining form meaning muscle
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sarc/o
Combining form meaning flesh or connective tissue
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oste/o
Combining form meaning bone
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-genesis
Suffix meaning reproduction
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meta-
Prefix meaning beyond
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-statis
Suffix meaning stopping, controlling, maintaining at a constant level
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carcin/o
Combining form meaning cancer
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synovi/o or synov/o
Combining forms meaning tissue or fluid surrounding a synovial joint
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mamm/o or mast/o
Combining form meaning breast
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mast/o or mamm/o
Combining form meaning breast
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-graphy
Suffix meaning process of producing a picture or record
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-opsy
Suffix meaning view of
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-ectomy
Suffix meaing surgical removal of ...
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plast/o, plas/i, or plas/o
combining forms meaning new growth, development or formation
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brachy-
Prefix meaing short
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tele-
Prefix meaning distant
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tox/o, toxic/o
Combining forms meaning poison, poisonous or toxic
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-pathy
Suffix meaning disease or abnormal condition
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-itis
Suffix meaning inflammation
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