(VD parasitic infection: protozoa has one tail 'single hair or tail projection')
related term(s): PILO-, -THRIX
-TRIGO-
rubbing
inter/trigo
between/rubbing
(friction causes skin weakness usually between digits & fungus infection)
TROCHLE/O-
pulley or pulley like
trochle/ar
pulley or pulley-like/refer to
(name of fourth '4th' cranial nerve: innervates superior oblique eye muscles)
TROP/O- (TROP/IN)
stimulate or to turn
gonado/tropin (hormone)
teste or ovary/stimulate
trop/ism
to turn/state of
(reaction to stimuli - turn toward or away from heat, cold, light, etc.)
TROPH/O-
development, nourishment or nutrition
hyper/troph/y
increased/development/process of
tropho/therapy
nourishment or nutrition/treatment
-TRIPSY
to crush
litho/tripsy
stone/crushing (gall stones)
TRYPAN/O-
borer, to bore, drill
trypano/som/iasis
borer/body/disease or condition
related term(s): TREPAN/O-
TUB/O-
canal or tube
tub/al ligation (female sterilization)
canal or tube/refers to: to bind (burning or cauterizing)/procedure of
TUBERCUL/O-
swelling, nodule, tubercule
tuberculo/sis
swelling small/condition
(Bacteria bacillus rods - 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis' that form nodular
colonies 'swelling' within lungs, bones, and in
other body tissues. Over one third of the world
population has this disease)
TUM/O-
swelling or tumor growth
tum/or
swells, to swell, swelling/one who
(Note: Tum/or (swelling); Reb/or (redness);
Cal/or (heat); Dol/or (pain) are all signs
of: 'Inflammation. The word 'Tumor' is often
associated with a cancerous swelling both benign
or malignant)
TURGOR/O-
swelling
turgor
swelling (skin test for hydration)
-TUSSIS
cough
per/tussis
through/cough
Pertussis (Whooping cough) is characterized by fits of coughing followed by a noisy, "whooping" indrawn breath, and is caused by the bacteria "Bordetella pertussis"
TYMPAN/O-
eardrum
tympan/itis
eardrum/inflamed
(outer part of middle ear)
TYPH/O-
stupor
typh/oid
stupor/resembles(bacterial infection causing high fever and a stupored state)
ULCER-
sore
ulcer/ation
sore/process of
(may develop in many diseases or conditions)
-ULE
small or lesser
tub/ule
canal/small or lesser
related term(s): -CULE, -ICLE,- IOLE, -ULA
ULN/A-
elbow
uln/ar
elbow/refers to
ULTRA-
beyond
ultra/sound (US)
beyond (normal hearing levels)/sound (waves)
ultra/micro/scop/e
beyond/small/view/instrument
(objects invisible through ordinary microscope: side illumination 'darkfield')
UMBILIC/O-
navel
umbilic/al
navel (watery)/refers to
UNGUIN/O-
nail
unguin/al or ungun/al
nail/pertain to
(Note: ung 'unguentum' is the abbreviation for ointment)
alternate spelling: UNGU/O-
related term(s): ONYCH/O-
UR/O-
urine
ur/olog/y
urine/study/process or procedure of
alternate spelling: UR/A-, UR/E-, UR/I-
related term(s): UR-
URETER/O-
small canal
ureter/itis
small canal/inflamed
URETHERO-
canal
urethr/itis
canal/inflamed
(tube running from urinary bladder to outside of body)
URTICARI/O-
hives or nettles
urticar/ia
hives or nettles (skin condition)/pertain to
UTERO-
womb
uter/al
womb/refers to
UVE/A-
grape
uve/itis
grape/inflamed
(thin membrane between retina and sclera of eye - iris, ciliary body and choroid vascular layer)
related term(s): STAPHYLO-, UV-, UVE/O-, UVUL/O-
VAG/O-
wanderer (the longest cranial nerve)
vag/us
wanderer/pertains to
(tenth cranial nerve that wanders down through torso body cavities)
VAGIN/O-
sheath
vagin/al
sheath/refers to
vagin/itis
sheath/inflamed
VALG/U-
inward
valg/us
inward/refers to the condition of �genu valgum,�
which means the knees are in �valgus� (i.e., �knock knees�);�valgum� is the adjective; �valgus� is the noun.
alternate spelling: VALG/US, VALG/UM
VALVUL/O-
tiny fold or small valve
valvul/itis
tiny fold or small valve/inflamed
VAR/U-
outward
var/us
Outward/refers to the condition of �genu varum,�
which means the knees are in �varus�
(i.e., �bow legged�);�varum� is the adjective; �varus� is the noun.
alternate spelling: VARUS, VARUM
VARIC/O-
twisted
varico/cele
twisted/rupture or protrusion
(veins of spermatic cord)
related term(s): ILEO-, TORSI-
VARICELLA
tiny spot
varicella
a tiny spot
(chickenpox lesions - macules 'spots',
papules 'pimples', vesicles 'blisters', and
crusting lesions appear on the skin during
different stages. It lasts 10 days and is caused
by the herpes zoster virus that also causes
shingles later in life)
VAS/O-
vessel
vas/ec/tom/y
vessel/out/cut/procedure of
related term(s): ANGI/O-
VEN/O-
vein
ven/ous
vein/pertain to
related term(s): PHLEB/O-
VENTR/O-
belly
ventr/al
belly/refer to
ventr/icle
belly/small
VERA-
TRUE
polycythemia: vera
many red blood cells: true
(also known as erythremia)
VERMI-
worm
vermi/form
worm/shaped
(shape of appendix projecting from the cecum)
VERRUCA/E-
wart
plantar verruca(e)
foot/refers to: wart
-VERSION
turn or to turn
in/version
inward/turning (usually foot)
related term(s): VERS-
VERTEBR/O-
jointed
vertebr/al
jointed/refers to
(six or more articulations or joints on each vertebral bone)
VERTIGO
whirling
vertigo
whirling (maze part or labyrinth of inner ear inflamed causing a spinning sensation)
VESIC/O-
sac or small blister
vesic/al
sac or small blister/pertains to
related term(s): VESICUL/O-
VILL/I-
shaggy hair
vill/us
shaggy hair (appearance)/refers to
(hair-like structure in small intestine that absorbs nutrients into the blood)
VIR/O-
poison
vir/al
poison/refers to
(smallest of etiologic infectious agents - thought to cause severe poisoning)
related term(s): SEPS/O-, SEPT/O-, TOX/O-
VISCER/A-
organ
e/viscer/ate
out (from)/organ/process of or procedure of
VIT/O-
alive, life, living
vit/al
alive, life, living /pertains to
(your resume' is your personal vitae)
related term(s): VIV/I-
VITILIG/O-
to corrupt
Vitiligin/ous
to corrupt/state of
(leuko/derma: white patches on skin often seen in dark skinned people)
VOLV/O-
to twist, twisting, rolling
volv/ulus
twisting or rolling/refers to
(bowel obstruction causes by the bowel twisting - stops forward food movement)
VULV/O-
covering
vulv/a
covering/refers to
(the covering tissue of the female external genitalia)
WHEAL
round or circle
wheal
round
(A circular elevated skin condition with a pale
red periphery that itches and white in center.
It is associated with urticaria or hives and
insect bites)
WHITLOW
white flow
whitlow
white flow
(suppurative 'pus forming' at end of finger or toe - often a nail abscess)
related term(s): FELON
XANTH/O-
yellow
xanth/derma
yellow/skin
xanth/oma
yellow/swelling
(flat, soft, nodule usually seen on the eyelid)
related term(s): LUTE/O-
XEN/O-
strange or foreign
xen/ophthalm/ia
strange/eye/refers to
xeno/phob/ia
stranger/fear of/pertains to
XERO-
dry
xero/derm/a
dry/skin/refers to
(X is pronounced like a z)
YAWS
raspberry appearance
yaws
raspberry appearance
(spirochetal bacterial infection of skin in humid environments)
-Y
procedure of or process of
therap/y
treating or curing/procedure of or process of
related term(s): -AGE, -ATION, -IATION, -ING, -ION, -TION
ZYGO-
union
zygot/e
union/instrument
A & A
awake and aware
A & O
alert and oriented
A & W
alive and well
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
ad. lib.
as desired or at liberty
ALL
allergy or acute leukocytic leukemia
AMA
against medical advice
ASTOL
as tolerated
B1
Thiamine HCL Vitamin or first degree (Stage I) burn
(a sun burn is a first degree burn)
B2
Riboflavin Vitamin or 2nd degree (Stage II) burn
(blistering is present with a 2nd degree burn)
B3
3rd degree (Stage III) burn
(tissue charring is present with a 3rd degree burn)
B4
4th degree (Stage IV) burn
(most tissue destroyed with a 4th degree burn)
B6
Pyridoxine HCL Vitamin
B7
Biotin Vitamin
B8
Adenosine Phosphate Vitamin
BaE
barium enema
related term(s): BE
BID
two times per day
BP
blood pressure
(Average Intra/vascular 'BP' is 120/80 mm/Hg
above atmosphere pressure. Low 'BP' is 90/60 or
lower; High 'BP' is 140/90 or higher)
BS
blood sugar, bowel sounds, before sleep, breath sounds, Blue Shield
BT
body temperature, bleeding time, brain tumor
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
BX
biopsy or Blue Cross
CBC
complete blood count
CC
chief complaint or chief component
CF
cystic fibrosis
CHF
congestive heart failure
CL
contact lenses
CNA
chart not available, certified nurse's aide
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
(asthma, emphysema, bronchitis, bronchiectasis)
CO
cardiac output or computer order
CP
cerebral palsy, chest pain
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
D & D
diarrhea and dehydration
DAD
drug administration device
DAT
diet as tolerated
DD
differential diagnosis
(differentiating between diseases 'signs & symptoms'
or their etiology 'cause')
DNS
did not show
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus
(pertussis is also known as whooping cough,
tetanus is also known as lock jaw)
DX & PX
diagnosis and prognosis
DZ
disease or dozen
EKG
electrocardiogram
related term(s): ECG
EMG
electromyography
(diagnostic procedure of recording muscle electricity
