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Baroque Period
Date & Events
- 1600 - 1750
- Strong Monarchy and Church
- Michealangelo & Rembrandt - art is more fantasy
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Baroque
Translation
Portuguese Pearl - elaborate luxury
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Basso Continuo
Continuous Bass - usually cello or harpsichord
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Dance Suite
Allemande
Duple Time
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Dance Suite
Courante
Triple Time
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Dance Suite
Sarabande
Triple Time
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Dance Suite
Gigue
Compound Time
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Figured Bass
Independent line w/numbers for improvised chordal harmony
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Binary
2 part form - AB - each section repeated
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Rounded Binary
2 part form (the 2nd ends w/return to 1st)
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Ternary
- 3 part form - ABA -
- A: Statement / B: Contrast / C: Repitition
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Ground Bass
repeated melody in the bass
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Terraced Dynamics
music notes in stair steps
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Homophonic
melody and accompanying harmony
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Polyphonic
2 or more melodic lines
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The Affections
- One Emotion conveyed by music
- Joy, anger, love, fear
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Florentine Camerata
- Aristocrats who resurrected musical and dramatic arts from Ancient Greece.
- Ciccini, Peri & Galilei (Galileo's father) created 1st operas and Monody(1 person singing w/accompaniment
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Le Nuove Musiche
collection of songs by Caccini - more dissonence and freedom
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Monody
solo singer w/accompaniment
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Stile Rappresentatives
Monteverdi introduced - rapid repeated notes
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Clavichord Keyboard
after harpsichord - more expressive and unique devices
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Clavier
generic for all keyboards
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Harpsichord
Plucked strings
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Cantata no. 80 Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott
Translation
A Mighty Fortress is Our God
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Cantata no. 80
Genre
Cantata
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Cantata no. 80
Structure
- 8 movements in arch like structure
- 1. Chorus: choral fugue
- 2. Duet: Soprano & Bass Soloist
- 3. Recitative & Arioso: Bass Solo
- 4: Aria: Soprano Solo
- 5. Chorus: Unison Chorale
- 6. Recitative & Arioso: Tenor Solo
- 7. Duet: Alto & Tenor Soloist
- 8. Chorus: 4 part chorale
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Cantata no. 80
Date
1715 - revised in 1744
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Cantata no. 80
Chorale Text Author for #1, 2, 5 & 8
Martin Luther
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Cantata no. 80
Librettist for #3, 4, 6, & 7
Saloma Franck
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Cantata no. 80
Performers
- SATB soloists & chorus
- Strings continuo and oboe
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Cantata no. 80 First Movement
Genre
Choral Fugue
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Cantata no. 80 First Movement
Key
D Major
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Cantata no. 80 First Movement
Time Signature
4/4 Time
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Cantata no. 80 First Movement
Tempo
Allegro
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Cantata no. 80 First Movement
Description
- Bach starts w/ well known melody(Chorale) familiar to the Lutheran congregation.
- Each phrase is a fugal exposition (repeating subject)
- Word painting - dissonance w/"dreadful plans"
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Canon
Polyphonic composition where one musical line imitates another at a fixed distance throughout
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Ritonello
Short recurring passage
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Genre
Duet for Soprano & Bass
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Key
D Major
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Time Signature
4/4 Time
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Tempo
Allegro
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Performers
- Soprano and Bass
- Oboe, Violins, violos, continuo
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Cantata no. 80 Second Movement
Description
- Bass begins w/florid counter melody with long melismas(1 syllable w/many notes).
- Oboe plays w/soprano
- Unison strings play w/agitated 16th notes figure throughout
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Cantata no. 80 Fifth Movement
Genre
Unison Chorus
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Cantata no. 80 Fifth Movement
Key
D Major
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Cantata no. 80 Fifth Movement
Time Signature
6/8 Time
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Cantata no. 80 Fifth Movement
Tempo
Allegro
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Cantata no. 80 Fifth Movement
Performers
- Strings and Oboes play melodic figure
- Trumpets add grand effect
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Cantata no. 80 Eighth Movement
Genre
Chorale
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Cantata no. 80 Eighth Movement
Key
D Major
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Cantata no. 80 Eighth Movement
Time Signature
4/4 Time
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Cantata no. 80 Eighth Movement
Tempo
Moderato
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Cantata no. 80 Eighth Movement
Performers
All singing harmony - united voices and instruments
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Genre
Concerto Grosso
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Date
1721 by Bach to the Margrave of Brandenburg
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Structure
1 in set of 6
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Performers
- string orchestra and continuo
- violin, oboe, recorder and trumpet
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Key
F Major
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F major
Tempo
Allegro
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Time Signature
2/4 Time
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Structure
Ritonello Form
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F Major
Description
- played Tutti/dominated entire work
- motive 1 & 3 - built around outline of tonic triad
- motive 2 & 4 - scale type movement
- Bright and cheerful
- Fortspinnung - spinning forward
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Concertino
small group in concerto grosso
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Ritonello Form
Opening passage repeated throughout
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Water Music Suite in D Major
Composer
George Frederic Handel
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Water Music Suite in D Major
Genre
Orchestral Suite
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Water Music Suite in D Major
Date
1717
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Water Music Suite in D Major
Structure
22 movements in 3 Suites
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Water Music Suite in D Major
Performers
- Baroque orchestra
- Strings, trumpets, horns, oboes
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Allegro
Key
D major
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Allegro
Time Signature
4/4 Time
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Allegro
Structure
ABA (loose)
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Allegro
Description
- Regal Trumpets start w/violins
- Horns w/Timpani answer
- Regal Stmosphere w/use of Brass instruments
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Hornpipe
Key
D Major
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Hornpipe
Time Signature
3/2 Time
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Hornpipe
Structure
ABA (ternary)
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Water Music Suite in D Major - Hornpipe
Description
- Dance w/syncopation and trills
- Energetic & Majestic triple metre country dance
- Instruments anser each other B Minor (relative minor)
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Sonata in D Major k 430
Composer
Dominico Scarlatti
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Sonata in D Major k430
Esercizi per graviembalo
Translation
Exercises for Harpsichord (500 pieces)
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Sonata in D Major k430
Genre
Harpsichord Sonata
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Sonata in D Major k430
Date
Early 18th century
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Sonata in D Major k430
Key
D Major
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Sonata in D Major k430
Time Signature
3/8 Time
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Sonata in D Major k 430
Tempo
Courtly dance tempo - not too quick
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Sonata in D Major k430
Texture
Homophonic
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Sonata in D Major k430
Structure
Rounded Binary
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Sonata in D Major k430
Section A
Description
- Opening melody repeated - created symetrical phrase
- Harmonic texture based on Tonic(D), Subdominant(G) and Dominant(A)
- Running passages, repeated notes
- Modulated to Dominant(A)
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Sonata in D Major k430
Section B
Description
- Surpising dissonces
- Briefly to D Minor
- Fast Jumps and Quick Trills
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Sonata in D major K430 Scarlatti opening melody
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Cantata no. 80 Oboe Main Theme
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Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 - Ritonello Theme
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- Water Music Suite in D Major
- Allegro
- Hornpipe
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The Coronation of Poppea
Composer
Claudio Monteverdi
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Coronation of Poppea
Date
1642
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Coronation of Poppea
Genre
Opera
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Coronation of Poppea
Librettist
Giovanni Busenello
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Coronation of Poppea
Story
Prologue introduces us to Fortuna(Fortune), Virtu(Virtue) and Amore(Love). They argue and Love proclaims itself the winner. Roman Emperor Nero plans to kill his wife Ottavia so he can marry his mistress Poppea and crown her. Psychological drama
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Coronation of Poppea
Characters
- Nero - Castrato - Emperor of Rome
- Poppea - Soprano - Nero's mistress
- Ottavia - Mezzo Soprano - Nero's wife
- Seneca - Bass - Nero's adviser
- Chorus of Consuls & Tribunes - tenors and basses
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Coronation of Poppea
Coronation Scene Act 3 Scene 7
Description
- 2 part writing - imitative style
- Recitative like passages
- Vocal tremolo on imperial
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Coronation of Poppea
Synfonia
Description
Jubilent interlude by orchestra - changing scenes
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Coronation of Poppea
Pur ti miro (I Adore You)
Description
- Sung by Nero and Poppea
- Tender mood
- ABBA form
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Coronation of Poppea
Pur ti miro (I Adore You)
Section A
Description
- Ground Bass - 4 note descending line
- Imitation between 2 voices exchanging endearments(I adore you-I embrace you-I desire you)
- Word painting - dissonance on Moro(I die) Peno(I suffer)
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Coronation of Poppea
Pur ti miro (I Adore You)
Section B
Description
- Free Bass
- more harmonic variety
- Quick short motives exchanged imitatively
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Stile Concitato
- Agitated Style - tremolo and pizzicato
- Monteverdi
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Aria
Lyrical song for solo voice w/orchestral accompainment
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Recitativo Secco
- Speech like style of singing
- Only Continuo accompainment
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Dido and Aeneas
Composer
Henry Purcell
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Dido and Aeneas
Genre
Opera
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Dido and Aeneas
Date
1689
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Dido and Aeneas
Librettist
Nahum Tate
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Dido and Aeneas
Source of Plot
- Brutus of Alba (by Nahum Tate)
- Aeneid (epic poem by ancient Roman poet Virgil)
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Dido and Aeneas
Story
- Aeneas(Trojan Prince) is shipwrecked on shore of Carthage
- Dido is Queen - they fall in love
- Aeneas is destined to be the founder of Rome - he leaves
- Dido kills herself in final scene as his ship departs
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene - Dido's Lament
Thy Hand Belinda
Form
Recitative Secco
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene - Didos Lament
Key
C Minor
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene - Dido's Lament
Description
- Word painting
- descending vocal line - death and grief
- Melisma - darkness
- Chromaticism on Death
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene
When I am Laid in Earth
Form
Aria
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene
When I am Laid in Earth
Key
G Minor
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene
When I am Laid in Earch
Time Signature
3/2 Time
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Dido and Aeneas
Act 3 Final Scene
When I am Laid in Earth
Description
- Ground bass - 5 measure pattern/repeated 11 times
- Word painting - melisma on "laid in earth"
- "remember me" on repeated note motive
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Dido and Aeneas
Final Chorus
Title
With Drooping Wings
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Dido and Aeneas
Final Chorus
Description
- 4 part chorus softens the death scene
- word painting -descending lines w/Drooping wings
- 2 note melodic sigh on "soft"
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- Didos Lament
- Thy Hand Belinda
- Recitative
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- Dido - When I Am Laid in Earth
- Aria
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- Coronation of Poppea
- Coronation Scene
- Consuls and Tribunes
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- Coronation of Poppea
- Sinfonia - Interlude
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- Coronation of Poppea
- Pur ti miro - I Adore You
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