Brain and Behavior

The eyes develop from an extension of the ____ ____ in combination with the overlying ______ and the surface ______ in the head region.

Development of the eyes begin when the future diencephalic region of the neural tube forms lateral evaginations called___ ____.

The optic vesicles are attached to the neural tube by an ___ ___.

The optic vesicles project from the neural tube towards the surface ectoderm. The distal end of the optic vesicle, called the ___ ___, invaginates to form the ___ ____.

The lens placode is a thickening of the __ ___ opposite to the optic cup.

The lens placode invaginates to form the __ ___, which buds off from the surface ectoderm and moves into the lumen of the ___ ___ to become the ___ ____.

An intervening layer of ____ seperates the lens vesicle from the optic cup.

Where does the primary vitreous body form?

The cavity of the lens vesicle is overtaken by the growth of __ ___ __.

Ventrally, the optic stalk forms the __ ___.

The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ___ ___ and supplies the developing ___ and ___. The hyaloid artery gains access to the interior of the optic cup via the ___ ____.

The mature lens does not need a blood supply, therefore thedistal end of the ___ ___ will degenerate while the proximal portion remains the ___ ___ of the retina.

The optic cup consists of two layers of neuroepthelium seperated by a cavity continuos with the ___ ___.

The outer layers of the neuroepithelium will differentiate into the ___ ___ and the intervening cavity is called the___ ___.

The inner layer of the neuroepithelium of the optic cup develops into the ___ ___.

The cells of the neural retina proliferate to become the outer and inner ____ ____.

The outer neuroblastic layer forms the ___ and ____.

The cells of the inner neuroblastic layer form the ___ and ___ ___of the retina.

The ganglion extend their axons through the __ __ mostly targeting the ___ ___ ___.

The optic nerve develops when the ____ ___ send axons into the optic stalk targeting the ___ ____ ___.

The ___ ___ is eventually obliterated by the coming together of the neural and pigmented retinas.

A retinal detachment refers to the seperation of the ___ ___ from ___ ___.

The mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup condenses, forming two separate layers. The inner layer forms a pigmented and vascular layer called the ____, which is continuous with the pia and arachnoid maters of the rest of the brain. The outer layer forms the ______, which is continuous with the dura mater.

The choroid is continuous with??
The sclera is continuos with?

Mesenchyme surrounding the developing eye invades the space between the lens vesicle and the surface ectoderm. This mesenchyme splits into a ___ ____ layer (closer to the surface ectoderm) that is continuous with the ____, and a deep pupillary membrane (near the lens) that is
continuous with the _____.

The cavity between the stroma layer and the pupillary membrane of the mesenchyme becomes the ___ ___. The posterior portion of the thick pupillary membrane (adjacent to the lens) breaks down, forming the ___ ___. Eventually, the thin remaining portion of the pupillary membrane breaks down, creating the ______.

The cornea has three layers: a superficial epithelium derived
from surface ectoderm, a __ __, and a deep mesothelial layer that lines the __ __. The invaginating cells that do not oppose the stromal layer
form the __, which lines the conjunctival sac.

The upper and lower eyelids develop as folds of the surface ectoderm (with a core of mesenchyme). These folds grow toward each other and fuse, only to separate again before birth. The __ ____ form as invaginations of the ectoderm of the conjunctival sacs.

The inner and outer layers of the optic cup that come to overly the lens anteriorly, together with the overlying choroidal mesenchyme, develop into the __ and __ ___ .

The iris consists of three layers, an inner nonpigmented
layer continuous with the ___ ___, a pigmented middle layer continuous with the ___ ___, and an outer mesenchymal layer derived
mostly from neural crest cells.

The pupillary muscles develop within the __ .

The ciliary processes, ciliary muscle, and suspensory ligaments all develop from the __ ___. The extraocular muscles (medial rectus, etc.) are derived from ___ ___, not pharyngeal arch musculature. Therefore, these muscles are innervated by ___ fibers, and not brachial efferent (BE) fibers.

microphthalmia

anophthalmia

aphakia

aniridia

congenital cataracts

congenital glaucoma

persistent pupillary membrane

atresia of the pupil

cryptophthalmos

cyclopia

synophthalmia

coloboma
This deficiency may extend to the inferior portion of the iris ___ ___ and may affect the ciliary body. Fissures in the eyelid __ __are uncommon, but most often occur in the upper lid.