-
What was the first cell seen by Robert Hooke using a microscope?
corks
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Who described cells as animalcules?
Van Leeuwenhoek
-
What are the parts of the cell theory?
All cells come from pre existing cells, calls are the basic units of life.
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What are the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic have no nucleus, eukaryotic have nucleus
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What cell feature is absent in bacterial cells?...same as above
No nucleus
-
What kingdoms belong with eukaryotes? Prokaryotes?
prokaryotic are bacteria and archae bacteria eukaryotic have protists fungi animals and plants
-
Besides the nucleus, what else is missing in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria, membrane, organelles.
-
What are groups of bacteria living together in close groups?
Biofilms
-
What are the main functions of the nuclear envelope?
controls DNA access, seperates DNA from cytoplasm.
-
What are called smooth or rough depending on structure?
Endoplasmic reticulum
-
Where in cells are proteins manufactured?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down the alcohol that is consumed?
perioxisomes
-
In what organelle do plant cells form NADPH?
chloroplasts
-
What is a major difference between animal cells and other kingdom’s cells?
no cell wall in animal cell
-
How is the plasma membrane organized?
lipid bilayer
-
A concentration gradient ceases to exist when….
Isotonic, when its equilibrium, no net movement.
-
How do O2, CO2, and other nonpolar molecules cross the
plasma membrane?
freely, diffusion.
-
What would facilitated diffusion look like? Active transport?
(picture on slide)
-
What is the movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient? What does it require? Which process doesn’t require ATP?
Active transport. ATP requires. passive does not.
-
What would happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
swell
-
A red blood cell would burst when placed in which kind of solution? When would it shrink? When would it stay the same?
hypotonic. hypertonic. isotonic.
-
A plant would wilt if it was place in which type of solution?
Hypertonic
-
How do WBC get rid of unwanted particles in the blood?
fagocytosis.process of endocytosis
-
What
process moves water molecules across a permeable membrane?
osmosis
-
What process moves molecules from higher to lower concentration?
Diffusion
-
What process is the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient?
active transport
-
Energy
tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms is part of which
law?
second law
-
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
energy cannot be created or destroyed
-
What
do endergonic reactions require?
some form energy
-
What
would a drawing of an inhibitor and activator look like?
(puzzle pieces)
-
What is equilibrium
balance
-
What type of molecules are scientists trying to
create from the breakdown of cellulose
biofuels, taking sugar and breaking it down.
-
What organisms derive their chemical energy from
the process of chemosynthesis
chemoautotrove
-
Where do animals obtain their energy and carbon
from
plants
-
What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis
light, water, carbon dioxide,
-
What color of light does chlorophyll reflect
green
-
What is the first event of photosynthesis
electrons transfer, then water splits.
-
What gas were the algae in Engelmann’s
experiment releasing? What light was best for plant growth according to his investigation
oxygen, violet and red
-
Where in the plant is chlorophyll found
thylocoid membrane
-
What carbon source do organisms use for
photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
-
What are the products of the light
dependent/independent reactions of photosynthesis
oxygen, ATP, NADPH
-
Where are sugars formed in the chloroplasts
stroma
-
Where does oxygen released in photosynthesis
come from
water
-
What is the internal membrane system of the
chloroplast called
thylocoid membrane
-
How do the two photosystems of light reactions
differ
different wavelengths.
-
Which part of photosynthesis does photolysis
occur
680 nm
-
Where are the proteins located that are
associated with the light dependent reactions
thylocoid membrane
-
In what form do plants store excess glucose
starch
-
When do CAM
plants fix CO2
cactus, at night
-
Know the terms associated with the light
dependent reactions of photosynthesis
-
Where does aerobic resp. end in the eukaryotic
cell
mitochondria
-
Does aerobic or anaerobic respiration produce
more ATP
aerobic
-
Understand
Figure 8.8.
(know steps of cellular respiration)
-
What has to happen for glycolysis to begin
must have energy
-
What is produced during glycolysis and where
does it occur
ATP, happens in cytoplasm
-
How many net ATP molecules are produced during
glycolysis
2 netted
-
Where does the Krebs cycle take place
mitochondria
-
Which step of cellular respiration produces the
most ATP molecules
ETP
-
What molecule in alcoholic fermentation causes
dough to rise
carbon dioxide
-
What do muscle cells produce under anaerobic
conditions
lactate
-
Sour cream and sour milk are produced by bacteria
that form what
lactate
-
Where could you find anaerobic bacteria
harsh environment
-
Slow-twitch muscle fibers have many mitochondria
and produce ATP using what process
aerobic respiration
-
In this process, the net energy yield is equal
to two molecules of ATP and the final product is ethanol
alcohol fermentation
-
In this one-step process the final product is
lactate
lactate
-
This process yields the most energy
aerobic
-
This process involves ETP
aerobic respiration
-
The process precedes the Krebs cycle.
Glycolosis
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