-
What are some common types of assessment?
- Comprehensive
- Focused
- Problem-oriented
- Routine clinical checkup
- Periodic physical exam
- Subjective vs objective data
-
What type of assessment assesses symptoms restricted to a specific body system
Focused
-
What assessment takes alot of time.
Comprehesive
-
What are the seven components of a Comprehensive adult history
- Identifying- Data and source of history
- Cheif Complaint
- Present illness
- Past History
- Familty History
- Personal or Social Hx
- Review of systems
-
Reliability
Varies on pts memory trust and mood
-
Present illness (HOPI) does what an includes what
Amplifies C/C, describes development of symptoms, includes PTs thoughts about the illness and feelings.
-
What is tangential Lighting?
Lighting from an angle
-
What is perpendicular lighting
Straight down son!
-
Pediactric exams should allow for what type of otoscopy
Pneumatic Ostoscopy
-
Thick walled tubing should be _____cm to ____cm long.
30-38cm or 12-15in
-
What is used for two point discrimination?
Safety pin, Q-tips
-
Tuning forks should be between how many Hz?
128hz to 512 hz
-
Draping a patient is to...
visualize one area of the body at a time and preserve modesty
-
What inspection techniques should be used?
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Percussion
- Auscultation
-
What is a bruit?
Turbulence over arterial vessels
-
Whysical exam principles
- Develop a systematic sequence of examination
- Maximize patients comfort
- Avoid unnecessary changes in position
- Enhance clinical efficiency
-
What do you check for in the heart
S3 and murmer of mitral stenosis
-
Quality of an Xray is based on...
- Skill of the xray taker
- Proper interpretation
-
What is needed in order to take an xray
- A source to produce the xrays
- A method to record
- A way to process the recorded image
-
What population are Xrays dangerous to?
Pregos
-
What uses a rotating xray beam and multiple rotating detectors?
Computed tomagraphy
-
Data is collected from a CT scan producing multiple...
slices of 2D images
-
CT can be completed within ___ min
five
-
CT scans are best for...
Neuroimaging, abdominal and pelvic studies, soft tissues and checking for fractured organs
-
Ultrasound can see what
Images in real time and blood flowing through blood vessels
-
What is the equipment held to the skin that sets off high frequency sound waves?
transducer
-
The image of an ultrasound is based on what?
Frequency, strength (amplitude) of sound signal and the time it takes to return from the patient to the transducer
-
The area between the liver and the kidney is.
Morrisons pouch.
-
U/S has difficulty penetrating through...
Bone, gas filled structures
-
What is used to listen to the fetal heartbeat (U/S)?
Dopplar fetal heart rate monitor
-
Equipment needed for U/S
- Ultrasound machine
- Appropriate transducer
- Ultrasound Gel
-
MRI uses what to obtain images?
Strong magnetic fields and radio waves.
-
MRI is best for
soft tissue, tumor detection, spinal cord injuries, non iodine contrast agents
-
Scans with the MRI take how long?
20-45 minutes
-
MRI is _______________ in pregnant patients for ...
Contraindicated, some providers
-
CT and MRI are generally displayed in three planes or slices, they are
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Axial (horizontal) or transverse
-
Denser objects will have a _________ appearance on an Xray because it absorbs more xrays
whiter
-
Air appears as what color on an xray?
Black
-
Fat shows up as ______ on an xray
dark grey
-
These two have the same density on an Xray.
Fluids and soft tissue
-
Tissue contrast is determined on an MRI by...
How quickly the nuclei recover from radiowave stimulation
-
Five technicat factors to evaluate on a chest xray
- Penetration
- Inspiration
- Rotation
- Magnification
- Angulation
-
During a CXR, you should be able to barely see the _______ through the heart
thoracic spine
-
To check for proper inspiration in a CXR, how many ribs posterior ribs should be visible in a
Normal PT
Hospitalized PT
10
9
-
Another way to determine a proper CXR is
5,6,7 anterior rib intersecting with the diaphragm at the MCL
-
When an xray beam is angled towards the head, the film obtained is an _________
apical lordotic view
-
For a lordotic view, the clavicle must be over the _____ rib
Third
-
Two incomplete fractures are
greenstick, tarus
-
Angle of a fractures is the relation of the ________ to the proximal
distal
-
Shortening is measured in ____ when there is overlap
centimeters
-
Xrays are
high frequency, electromagnetic ionizing rays
-
Inverse square law is
Double the distance decreases the effects by quadruple
-
Steps in clinical reasoning are
- ID abnormal findings
- Localize the findings anatomically
- Interpret and find probably process
- Make a hypothesis
-
Steps in finding a hypothesis are
- Select most specific and critical findings
- Math findings against any conditions that could produce em
- Eliminate diagnostic possibilities that fail to explain findings
- Weigh competing posibilities
- Give special attn to life threatening and treatable conditions
- Test hypothesis
- Develop working diagnosis
- Develop a plan
-
Statistical tools are
- Reliability
- Validity
- Sensitivity
- Specificity
- Predictive value
-
Sensitivity in statistical data
ID the person who will test positive in a group of people who have the disease.
Good at picking up disease
-
Specificity
ID people who test negative in a group without the disease
-
Predictive value
Indicates how well a given symptom or test will predict the prescense or abscense of a disease
-
How do you respond to emotional cues with a PT?
- Naming
- Understanding
- Respect
-
An interpreter should be seated...
next to the patient
-
CAGE for alcoholism is...
- Need to CUT DOWN
- Other people get ANNOYED
- Feelings of GUILT
- Eyeopener
-
Three dimensions for cultural awareness
- Self-awareness
- Respectful Communication
- Collaborative Partnerships
-
Building blocks of professional ethics are
- Nonmalificence
- Beneficence
- Autonomy
- Confidentiality
-
The Tavistock principles
- Rights
- Balance
- Comprehensiveness
- Cooperation
- Improvement
- Safety
- Openness
-
Vitals needed (basic)
- Temperature
- Blood Pressure
- Heart Rate
- Respirations
-
The width of a BP cuff should be ____ of the length of the upper arm.
40%
-
The length of a BP cuff should be _____ of the arm _______
80% of the arm circumference
-
When taking BP use PT's _______ arm first
non dominant
-
Caffiene and nicotine should be avoided for ____ min before a BP check
30 min
-
Inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears then add ____ mm Hg to the cuff
30 mm Hg
-
Listen for a BP with the stethoscope over the _____
Brachial artery
-
If readings after measuring both arms are over 10 mm Hg then __________, if still different PT might have a _______
- repeat measurement,
- aortic dissection
-
White coat hypertension occurs in _____
You should _____
- 10-25% of pts
- Relax the PT and tried again later in the visit
-
Assess heart rate for____
One full minute
-
Any irregular heart rate rythms should be verified with a...
electrocardiogram
-
Hyperpyrexia is an ______ temperature
106 degrees DAMN!
-
A recurring shaking chill suggests an....
extreme rise in temp and possible systemic bacteria/virus
-
Feeling hot and sweaty accompanies
A falling temperature
-
Chronic pain lasts over ______
One month
-
Idiopathic pain is
Pain with unknown cause
-
The four As of pain management are
- Analgesia
- Activities of daily living
- Adverse effects
- Abberant drug related behaviors
-
A good BMI is between....
18.5-24.9
-
Patients over the age of 50 should be advised to take more...
-
Mobility in the skin is...
the easy with which a fold of skin moves
-
Turgor in skin is...
the resistance of the skin to deformity
-
Intertrigo is
Skin chafin in or under folds of skin
-
Coalesce means
to fuse, grow or run together
-
Vellus hair is
short, fine, inconspicous and inpigmented hair
-
The smile line, or cheek line is the...
nasolabial fold
-
Functio laesa is
loss or disturbance of function
-
Basal cell carcinoma affects how much of the population?
and begins where?
-
Squamous cell carcinoma affects how much of the population? and occurs where?
- 16% of population
- occurs in upper layers of epidermis
-
Malignant melanoma affects how much of population? Occurs where?
- 4% affects with 80% of related deaths
- Melanocytes
-
The HARMM Model is
- History of melanoma
- Age over 50
- Regular dermatologist absent
- Male
- Mole change
-
A patch that is .5 to 1.5 cm that is uniformly pigmented is a _______ and over _____ with a diameter of 1.5cm can suggest ________
- cafe au-lait spot,
- 6
- Neurofibromatosis
-
Erethimia on the cheeks of a child can be caused by
Fifth disease
-
Psoriases is usually on the _____ surface
Extensor
-
A herald lesion that spreads to the trunk and beyond may be
Pityriasis Rosea
-
What is a burrow
a tunnel in the epidermis (5-15 mm), ends at vesicle
-
Lichenification is
thickening of epidermis, roughening of skin
-
Mees lines in nails indicate?
Arsenic poisoning, leprosy, hodgekins disease
-
Terrys nails occur when
Liver disease, CHF, diabetes
|
|
