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An understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way business is practiced
Cross-culture literacy
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System of values and norms that are shard among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living
Culture
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Abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
Values
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Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular sitiuations
Norms
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A group of people who share a common set of valules and norms
Society
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Routine conventions of everyday life
Folkways
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Norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life
Mores
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the basic social organization of a society
Social structure
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An associaion of two or more individuals who have shared sense of identity and who interact with each other in structred ways n the basis of common set of expectations about each others behavior
Group
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Hierarchical social catergories often based on family, background occupation and income
Social strata
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Th extent to which indiviuals can move out of the strata into which they are born
Social mobility
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Closed system of stratification in which social postion is detrmeined by family into which you are born, and change is usually not possible during lifetime
Caste system
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System of social startification in which the postition a person has by birth can be changed through his achievments or luck
Class system
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A tendency for people to percieve themselves in terms of their class background
Class consciousness
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System of shared beliefes and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred
Religion
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A set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior
Ethical systems
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Most world wide practiced religion
Christianity
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Second largest of the worlds religions
Islam
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Beileve that a moral force in society requires the acceptance of certain responsibilites called dharma
Hinduism
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Suffering originates in peoples desire for pleasure
Buddism
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Although not a religion, this has an impact on behavior that is as profound as that of many religions
Confucianism
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Two types of language
Spoken and unspoken
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______ is one defining characteristic of a culture
Language
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Shapes the way people see the world
Lannguage
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Nonverbal communication
Unspoken language
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Thumbs up in US means "alright" but in ______it is obscene
Greec
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Cultural norms are taught indirectly in
School/education
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force that leads to differences in social culture
Education, language, work place, religion, social structure,
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Theory of how society deals with fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities
Power distance
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Theory focusing on betwen individual and his or her fellows
Individualism vs collectivism
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Extent to which differnt cultures socialize their members into accepting ambigiuos situations and tolerating uncertainty
Uncertainty avoidance
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Theory of relationship between gender and work roles
Masculinity vs femininity
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Most famous study of how culture relates to values in the workplace was undertaken by
Geert Hofstede
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Theory that cofucian teacchings affect attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors
confucian dynamism
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Cultural change is not a _______, it ________ over time
Constant, it evolves over time
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A belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group
Ethnocentrism
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_________and ____________ seem to be two important engines of cultural change
Economic progress and globalization
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