The continuous passage of water (and ions) through a plant from root to leaf is called the...?
Transpiration stream
Briefly describe the route water takes through a plant
Water in soil enters root hairs by osmosis from a HWC to a LWC down a concentration gradient
Water moves across the root cortex through cells, cell walls and intercellular spaces by osmosis from a HWC to a LWC down a concentration gradient
Water enters the xylem by osmosis
Transpiration pull causes continuous, thin, tense columns of water to be drawn up xylem in stem and into leaves. Water pulled up in very thin columns without breaking is due to cohesion and adhesion
Root pressure helps move water up the plant
Water moves into leaf cells by osmosis froma HWC to a LWC down a concentration gradient
Water evaporates into air spaces of leaf
Water evaporates out of leaf through stomata
What is a root hair?
It is an extension of an epidermal cell which has a large surface area to absorb more water from the surrounding soil
What other function can a root hair have?
It can provide anchorage for the plant
How does water move through a plant?
Water moves:
between cells
across cell walls
across cell membranes through the root cortex by osmosis
The force by which water is pushed up the stem by the roots is called...?
root pressure
What is transpiration?
The process by which water is lost by evaporation from the aerial parts of a plant
Where does most transpiration occur in a plant?
Through stomata
What ions are needed for the formation of chlorophyll?
Mg and Fe
How do ions enter the plant?
By active transport only
What is the importance of the transpiration stream?
Provides water for photosynthesis (photolysis)
Water keeps cells turgid which gives a plant structure and support
Cooling effect for the plant
Involved in uptake and transport of mineral ions to cells
How can the rate of transpiration from a leaf be measured?
Using a potometer
As temperature rises the rate of transpiration...?
increases
As humidity increases the rate of transpiration...?
decreases
As wind increases the rate of transpiration...?
Increases
As light intensity increases the rate of transpiration...?
increases
What effect does air pollution have on transpiration?
Soot blocks the stomata thus reducing transpiration
What are stomata?
Tiny pores on the surfaces of leaves
What do guard cells do?
They change shape to open and close the stomata
Describe briefly how stomata open
Water enters the flaccid guard cells and so they become turgid
The thin outer parts of the guard cells stretch more than the thick inner parts
The two guard cells bulge out and the thick inner walls become pulled apart, opening the stomata
Author
Anonymous
ID
140281
Card Set
Water Balance in Plants
Description
Higher Biology - Unit Two - Water Balance in Plants