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Advantages of Midazolam over Diazapam: (5)
- Shorter action
- Water Soluble (IM)
- No Pain
- No Thrombophlebitis
- Can be used as CRI
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Advantages of Diazapam:
- Negligable CV Fx
- Anxiolystic- Sedation (dep on Dose)
- Anticonvulsent
- Muscle Relaxant
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Advantages of Ace (5):
- Synergistic action with other sedative and anesthetic drugs
- Safe drug at normal clinical doses
- Anti-arrhythmic & Anti-emetic
- Spasmolytic
- Inexpensive
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Disadvantages of Ace(4):
- Hypotension – more frequent @ high doses, and unstable animals
- Slow in onset – 20 minutes
- Long acting – especially at higher doses
- Cutaneous vasodilation may predispose to Hypothermia
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List 5 contradictions when ACP must NOT be used.
- In hypovolemic or shocked animals (drops pcv & hypotension)
- Animals with impaired liver function (takes a while to clear)
- Anemic animals
- Breeding stallions currently in work (penile paralysis)
- High seizure risk
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Side Fx of Opiods (9):
- Respiratory depression
- Bradycardia
- Reduced gut motility
- Urinary Retention
- Vomiting / defecation
- Potential for excitement or dysphoria, esp. cats and horses
- Histamine release
- Anti-tussive effects
- Biliary stasis / sphincter closure
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Major contraindications for a2’s (4):
- HYPOTENSION
- HYPOVOLEMIA
- Myocardial disease, liver failure, urinary obstruction
- Cows in the last trimester of pregnancy
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Advantages of benzodiazapams (6):
- Minimal Cardiovascular depression
- Anxiolysis at low doses and sedation at higher doses
- Potent anitconvulsant
- Muscle relaxant
- Rapid onset
- FLUMAZENIL is a Benzodiazepam antagonist, but rarely is required
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Disadvantages of Benzodiazapams (4):
- Dysphoria, particularly in young healthy animals
- Painful on IV, IM injection and may cause thrombophlebitis
- Variable response
- Reacts with other drugs and plastic syringes so can’t administer by controlled rate infusion
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List 4 indications for administration of anticholinergics for premedication:
- Used to decrease salivation
- Used to inhibit Vagally induced bradycardia
- Used to reverse neuromuscular blockade, in combination with anti-cholinesterases
- Some like to administer pre-emptively in brachycephalic breeds (pugs, bulldogs) which are prone to vagally-mediated bradycardia.
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Benzodiazepine antagonists (2):
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Canine Castration Analgesic
- Butorphanol + Medetomidine + Dericoxib
- Butorphanol + Ace + Meloxicam
- Buprenorphine + Ace + Carprofen
- Morphine + Glycopyrrolate + Meloxicam
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