the nervous system

  1. what are the functions of the somatic sensory receptors
    Transmit information from the skin such as touch or pain. Also, transmit information from skeletal muscles and joints such as position, movement, and the amount of stretch in muscles (proprioception- monitoring body position)
  2. define:

    afferent division
    transmits sensory information from receptors to the CNS
  3. what is visceral sensory receptors?
    Transmit information from organ systems such as the digestive and respiratory systems. This includes the transmission of information such as stretching, pain, and taste.
  4. what are the sub-structures of afferent division?
    somatic sensory receptors

    visceral sensory receptors
  5. define:

    efferent (motor)division
    carries motor commands(response sent) from the CNS to muscles and glands
  6. efferent divison is divided into what 2 systems?
    • somatic nervous system (SNS) (VOLUNTARY)
    • autonomic nervous system (ANS) (INVOLUNTARY)
  7. sympathethic and parasympathetic divisons are a part of what system?
    the ANS
  8. DEFINE:
    Sympathetic division
    Allow the body to respond to stress (fight or flight)

    ex. increasing heart rate
  9. Define
    Parasympathetic division
    Opposes the sympathetic division and allows for energy(atp) conservation.

    ex. decreasing heart rate
  10. What are the key elements of nerve tissue?
    neurons(nerve cells)

    neeuroglia(glial cell)
  11. What are the three key parts to typical neuron?
    • dendrites
    • soma (cellbody)
    • axon
  12. What is a Dendrite?
    • branched structures
    • receive incoming information (signals)
  13. Soma(cellbody) can be classified as
    • has a large nucleus
    • contains many mitochondria, ribosomes, and RER that give the cytoplasm a grainy appearance
  14. what is an axon?
    • a long structure (tube-like) that may branch resulting in more than one synaptic terminal
    • the synaptic terminal is the site wher the neuron can communicate with another neuron or cell
  15. What are neurons based on structure?
    • multipolar neuron
    • unipolar neuron
    • bipolar neuron
  16. What are neurons based on function?
    • sensory neurons
    • motor neurons
    • interneurons
  17. What is a multipolar neuron?
    • consists of two or mor dendrites and a single axon coming from the cell body
    • this is the most common type of neuron
    • ALL MOTOR NEURONS ARE MULTIPOLAR
  18. What is a Unipolar Neuron?
    • The cell body lies off to the side, while the dendrite and axon are aligned in one continous line
    • MOST SENSORY NEURONS OF THE PNS ARE UNIPOLAR
  19. Describe Bipolar Neuron
    • Consists of two processes (extensions) from the soma, one a dendrite and the othe an axon
    • They are found in specialsense organs as thoose for sight and smell
  20. Sensory Neuron is
    • from the afferent division of the PNS
    • they receive information from sensory receptors that detect changes in the environment
  21. true/false

    sensory receptors may be catergorized based on the information they detected?
    true
  22. What are sensory receptors?
    • EXTERNAL RECEPTORS
    • detect changes in the surrounding environment such as touch or smell

    • PRORIOCEPTORS
    • detect changes in body position/movement of skeletal muscles and joints

    • VISCERAL SENSORY RECEPTORS
    • detect changes in organsystems such as the digestive and respiratory systems, and provide info in relation to taste, deep pressure and pain
  23. What are motor neurons?
    • part of efferent div. of the PNS
    • transmitt info(commands) from the CNS(control center) to tissues and organs(effectors)
  24. motor neurons may be catergorized based on their target (effector) what are the two types?
    • somatic motor neurons
    • visceral motor neurons
  25. somatic motor neurons
    neurons of the SNS that intervate skeletal muscles(effector)
  26. What ar visceral motor neurons?
    neurons of the ANS that innervate all other tissue and organs including cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
  27. give the classifications of interneurons
    • located within the brain and spinal cord
    • connect neurons to one another
    • they distribute(sort) sensory info
    • they coordinate motor activity
  28. Where are neuroglia they located and function?
    in the CNS and PNS and they provid support and protection for neurons
  29. what are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS
    • astrocytes
    • oligodendrocytes
    • microglia
    • ependymal cells
  30. What are astrocytes
    • the largest and most numerous of the glial cells
    • help maintain the blood-brain barrier
  31. classify oligodendrocytes
    • myelinating cells. their cytoplasmic extensions wrap around axons, forming a myelin sheath that insulates the axon
    • one oligodendrocyte myelinates segments(internodes) of several different axons
    • it takes several oligodendrocytes to myelinate one axon
    • gaps between the myelinated segments are called nodes
    • myelination of axons increases the speed and efficency at which an action potential (electrical impulse) travels down the axon
  32. microglia
    • phagocytic cell
    • protect neural tissue by removing waste and foreign microorganisms
  33. ependymal cells
    • specicialized type of epithelialcell that produces cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
    • line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. Where CSF is found
    • they have cillia to help move CSF around the CNS
  34. What are the neuroglial cells in the PNS
    • satellite cells
    • schwan cells
  35. satellite cells
    provide support for neurons
  36. What are schwann cells?
    • myelinate every axon in the PNS
    • one schwann cells mylenates (internode) only one segment of one axon
    • many schwann cells are needed to mylenate one axon
    • gaps between internodes called ondes
    • increases the speed and effiencency of an action potential
Author
luvnmylyfe504
ID
140259
Card Set
the nervous system
Description
chapter 8
Updated