the nervous system

Transmit information from the skin such as touch or pain. Also, transmit information from skeletal muscles and joints such as position, movement, and the amount of stretch in muscles (proprioception- monitoring body position)

transmits sensory information from receptors to the CNS

Transmit information from organ systems such as the digestive and respiratory systems. This includes the transmission of information such as stretching, pain, and taste.

somatic sensory receptors

visceral sensory receptors

carries motor commands(response sent) from the CNS to muscles and glands

• somatic nervous system (SNS) (VOLUNTARY)
• autonomic nervous system (ANS) (INVOLUNTARY)

the ANS

Allow the body to respond to stress (fight or flight)

ex. increasing heart rate

Opposes the sympathetic division and allows for energy(atp) conservation.

ex. decreasing heart rate

neurons(nerve cells)

neeuroglia(glial cell)

• dendrites
• soma (cellbody)
• axon

• branched structures
• receive incoming information (signals)

• has a large nucleus
• contains many mitochondria, ribosomes, and RER that give the cytoplasm a grainy appearance

• a long structure (tube-like) that may branch resulting in more than one synaptic terminal
• the synaptic terminal is the site wher the neuron can communicate with another neuron or cell

• multipolar neuron
• unipolar neuron
• bipolar neuron

• sensory neurons
• motor neurons
• interneurons

• consists of two or mor dendrites and a single axon coming from the cell body
• this is the most common type of neuron
• ALL MOTOR NEURONS ARE MULTIPOLAR

• The cell body lies off to the side, while the dendrite and axon are aligned in one continous line
• MOST SENSORY NEURONS OF THE PNS ARE UNIPOLAR

• Consists of two processes (extensions) from the soma, one a dendrite and the othe an axon
• They are found in specialsense organs as thoose for sight and smell

• from the afferent division of the PNS
• they receive information from sensory receptors that detect changes in the environment

true

• EXTERNAL RECEPTORS
• detect changes in the surrounding environment such as touch or smell

• PRORIOCEPTORS
• detect changes in body position/movement of skeletal muscles and joints

• VISCERAL SENSORY RECEPTORS
• detect changes in organsystems such as the digestive and respiratory systems, and provide info in relation to taste, deep pressure and pain

• part of efferent div. of the PNS
• transmitt info(commands) from the CNS(control center) to tissues and organs(effectors)

• somatic motor neurons
• visceral motor neurons

neurons of the SNS that intervate skeletal muscles(effector)

neurons of the ANS that innervate all other tissue and organs including cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

• located within the brain and spinal cord
• connect neurons to one another
• they distribute(sort) sensory info
• they coordinate motor activity

in the CNS and PNS and they provid support and protection for neurons

• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes
• microglia
• ependymal cells

• the largest and most numerous of the glial cells
• help maintain the blood-brain barrier

• myelinating cells. their cytoplasmic extensions wrap around axons, forming a myelin sheath that insulates the axon
• one oligodendrocyte myelinates segments(internodes) of several different axons
• it takes several oligodendrocytes to myelinate one axon
• gaps between the myelinated segments are called nodes
• myelination of axons increases the speed and efficency at which an action potential (electrical impulse) travels down the axon

• phagocytic cell
• protect neural tissue by removing waste and foreign microorganisms

• specicialized type of epithelialcell that produces cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)
• line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. Where CSF is found
• they have cillia to help move CSF around the CNS

• satellite cells
• schwan cells

provide support for neurons

• myelinate every axon in the PNS
• one schwann cells mylenates (internode) only one segment of one axon
• many schwann cells are needed to mylenate one axon
• gaps between internodes called ondes
• increases the speed and effiencency of an action potential