Microorganisms that cause disease are known as ____.
Pathogens
A ___ is a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins.
vaccine
When a bacterial infection does occur, ___ can be used to fight the disease.
antibiotics
An unknown disease that appears in a population for the first time or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is call an _____.
Emerging Disease
Disease causing forms of proteins.
Prions
One way bacteria can cause disease is by breaking down and damaging ____ of the infected organism.
cells or tissue
Bacteria can also cause disease by releasing ___ that harm the body.
toxins
A ____ is a disease-causing agent.
Pathogen
One way to control bacterial growth is by subject the bacteria to high temperatures during a process know as _____.
sterilizations by heat
A ____ is a preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins thatcan prompt the body to produce immunity to a disease.
vaccine
What organs do the bacteria that cause tuberculosis typically damage?
Lungs
What are antibiotics?
A group of drugs used to block growth and reproduction of bacterial pathogen.
How are the causes of tuberculosis and diptheris similar? How are they different?
The causes are both taken into the body through lungs/mouth, and both break down tissue or release toxins
Describe the similarities and differences of antibiotics and disinfectants?
Both stop spead of bacteria, antibiotics don't harm host cell. Disinfectatnt can't ingest, made to sterilize.
What should meat be cooked until it is well-done?
Most bacteria can't survive in warmer temperatures. (100 degress C.)
Bacterial Control Method.
Putting milk in refrigerator
Safe food storage
Bacterial Control Method
Using bleach to clean a countertop
disinfectant
Bacterial Control Method
Using boiling water to clean dishes
sterilization by heat
Bacterial Control Method
Washing Hand.
physical removal
Bacterial Control Method
Boiling Soup.
Safe food processing
What are some human disease caused by viruses?
common cold, influenza, chicken pox, AIDS
How do antiviral medications work? What don't they also kill host cells?
They attack specific viral enzymes that host cells do not have.
A person has a low helper-T cell count. What viral disease does he or she most likely have?
AIDS
A person has blister-like lesions on the skin. What viral disease does he or she most likely have?
chicken pox
T/F
Pathogesn are able to evolve over time.
true
T/F
A noninfectous disease is an unknown diseaset hat appears in a population for the first time.
False-emerging disease
T/F
The widespread use of vaccines has led to the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria.
false-antibiotics
Slight genetic changes would be needed for the bird flu virus to become infectous to humans.
true
Scrapie is most likely caused by pathogens know as viroids.
False-prions
RNA viruses hav shown an ability to evade antiviral drugs. How do you suppose this is possible, when viruses are not alive? How may the reproductive methods of viruses help the process?
Viruses may be able to adapt to changes from generation to generation. It replicates very quickly.
What are the three different bacteria shapes?
bacilli -rod shaped
spirilla- spiral and corkscrew shaped
cocci-spherical
Compound that can block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibiotic
Misfolded protein the causes disease in animals
prion
Bacteriophage DNA that is embedded in the host's DNA
prophage
Protective structure formed by a prokaryote when growth conditions are unfavorable
endospore
A particle made of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases, lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
virus
Process in which viral DNA becomes part of a host cell's DNA
lysogenic infection
Disease-causing microorganism
pathogen
Preparation of weaken or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins used to produce immunity
vaccine
Process in which a host cell bursts after being invaded by a virus
lytic infection
Organism consisting of one cell that lacks a nuclues
prokaryote
Virus that infects bacteria
bacteriophage
Process in which a bacterium replicates its DNA and divides in half
binary fission
A protein coat surrounding a virus is a _____.
Capsid
Viruses that have RNA as their genetic material are called ______.
retroviruses
Some bacteria exchange genetic material through the process of _____.
conjugation
SARS, MRSA, Ebola, and bird flu are all examples of ______.
