Biomechanics

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

• Synarthrosis
• -Synarthrodial

• Amphiarthrosis
• -Amphiarthrodial

• Diarthrosis
• -Diarthrodial

• Suture:
• -Cranial bones
• - Immovable beyond infancy.

Gomphosis

• -Sockets of teeth
• -Conical Peg fits into socket
• -Minimal or no movement

• Slightly moveable joints.
• -Syndesmosis- helf together by strong ligamentous structure that allow minimal movements between the bones.

- Inferior tibiofibular joint.

Symphysis

-Separated by fibrocartilage pad that allows slight movement.

-Symphysis pubis, intervertebral joints.

• Synchondrosis
• -Seperated by hyaline cartilage
• -allows slight movement
• -Costochondral joints.

Synovial/freely movable.

joint capsule surrounds ends of bone forming joint.

Synovial capsule lines joint capsule

Area inside joint capsule= joint cavity


Thickened portions of capsule= ligament.

Ligaments may be contained:

-Within the capsule iteself.

-Intraarticularaly ---> ACL

• -Extraarticularaly ---> LCL
• fibular collateral ligament.

• Hyaline Cartilage
• -helps protect ends of long bones. (Compressible and elastic)

-Relies on movement for feeding. (Works like a sponge)


Articular surface has low friction due to synovial fluit.

Some joint in this category have a fibrocarilage disk located between articular surfaces. (extra shock absorption.

• -Meniscus
• -Glenoid/acetabular labrum.

• Gliding/plane joint.
• Two flat bony surfaces that butt against one antoher.
• limitied gliding movement
• Carpal joints

• Biaxial ball and socket.
• Allows movement in two planes without rotation.
• Radiocarpal joint.

• Multiaxial ball and socket
• movement in all planes
• Shoulder and hip.

• hinge
• wide range of movement in only one plane.
• Elbow, ankle, knee

• Suddle
• Thumbs only-Carpometacarpal joint
• Permits ball and socket movement. - with exception of slight rotation.

• Pivot or screw joint
• Rotation movement around long axis.
• Radioulnar joint. -Rotation of radius