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Inhibitors of protein synth at the 30S subunit?
Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Spectinomycin
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Inhibitors of protein synth at the 50S subunit?
Chloramphenicol, Macrolides (erythromycin), Lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin)
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Chloramphenical mech, spec, use?
50S - inhibits peptidyltransferase rxn; Broad; H.influenzae meningitis, anaerobic infx, Typhoid fever
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Chloramphenical toxicity?
Marrow hypoplasia; progressive marrow aplasia w/aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis; Gray syndrome in neonates w/abdominal, circ and resp dysfx
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Macrolides - Erythromycin: mech, spec, use?
50S - blocks translocation by holding charged tRNA at donor P site; G+; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, diphtheria, pertussis, Group A strept or pneum for pen-allergics
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Lincosamides (Lincomycin, Clindamycin): mech & use?
50S - inhibits peptide bond formation; Bacteroides fragilis or other anaerobes in pen-allergic pts
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Lincosamides (Lincomycin, Clindamycin): toxicity?
Pseudomembranous colitis due to inhibition of most anaerobic flora of bowel & overgrowth of clindamycin-resistant Clostridium difficile
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Antimetabolites (Metabolite inhibitors, Metabolite analogues)?
Sulfonamides, p-Aminosalicyclic acid, Sulfones (Dapsone), Trimethoprim, Isoniazie
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Sulfonamides: mech, spec?
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase in THF acid pathway; G+ and G-
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Sulfonamides: use, toxicity?
UTI, *rheumatic fever; renal blockage, hypersensitivity, GI problems
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Trimethoprim: classification and frequent use?
Anti-folic acid agent (synthetic structural analog of pteridine portion of folic acid) freq used synergistically w/sulfonamides
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Trimethoprim: mech, spec, use, tox?
Comp inhibitor of DHF reductase; G+, G-, P.carinii; UTI, P.Carinii ifx; Hypersensitivity, folate deficiency
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Isoniazide (INH: isonicotinic acid hydrazide): mech, use, tox?
Inhibit mycolic acid synth; mycobacterium tuberculosis (in combo w/rifampin and pyrazinamide); B6 def (peripheral neuritis and seizures), hepatic toxicity
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Sulfones (Dapsone): mech, use, tox?
Like sulfonamides (inhibit DHF-red); Leprosy; highly toxic, polyneuritis, psychosis
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p-Aminosalicyclic Acid (PAS): mech, use, tox?
Like sulfonamides (inhibit DHF-red); TB (multi-drug-res't); nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity
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