Math Midterm

• Step 1: Calculate each state's standard quota
• Step 2: Give each state it's lower quota
• Step 3: Give the surplus seats to largest residues

• Step 1: Find a "suitable" lower divisor
• Step 2: Compute each state's modified quota
• Step 3: Each state is apportioned its modified lower quota

• Step 1: Find a "suitable" larger divisor
• Step 2: Compute each state's modified quota
• Step 3: Each state is apportioned its modified upper quota

• Step 1: Find a "suitable" divisor
• Step 2: Compute each state's modified quota
• Step 3: Each state is apportioned it's modified quota using conventional rounding

• Need both Upper and Lower quota, Geometric mean of U and L.
• If q < G, round down to L, otherwise round up.
• Ex: 3 x 4 = 12 --> sqrt of 12 = 3.5 --> roung up to 4

Commonly used, the selection of which individuals are in a sample is dictated by what is easiest or cheapest for the data collector.

The most basic form of random sampling. Based on the same principle of a lottery: any set of #s has an equal chance of being chosen.

Breaks sampling frame into categories called "strata" and then randomly choose a sample from these strata. The chosen strata are then further divided into categories called substrata.

A systematic effort to force the sample to be representative of a given population through the use of quotas.

The numerical info we would like to have

Any kind of numerical info drawn from a sample of a parameter.

68%

95%

99.7%

nPr =

nCr =

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The number of objects

The number of things you want to deal with