american goverment

powers of the goverment specifically mentioned in the constitution

article 1, section 8 of the constitution also called the necessary and proper clause; gives congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated responsibilities

as applied to a legislativebody consisting of two houses of chambers

according to the doctrine articulated by edmund burke, an elected represenitive who acts in perfect accord with the wishes of his or her constituents

according to the doctorine articulated by edmund burke, an elected represenitive who believes that his or her own best judgement rather than instructions from constituents should be used in making legislative decisions

sometimes called statistical representation; means that the composition of a representative body reflects the demographic composition of the population as a whole

the district of a legislator

a citizen who lives in the district of an elected official

the reallocation of house seats among the states, done after each national census, to ensure that seats are held by the states in proprtion to the size of their populations

the redrawing of congressonal district lines within a state to ensure roughly equal populations within each district

a commited member of a party seeing issues from the point of view of the interests of a single party

redrawing electoral district lines to give an advantage to particular party or canidate

public subsidization of mail from the members of congress to their constituents

a regional ethnic racial or economic subgroup within the house or senate. also used to describe the party in the house and senate as in republic cacus

relatively permanet congressional committes that address specific areas of legislation

the taking of testimony by a congressional committee or subcommittee

the process of revising a bill in committee

deferral by members of congress to the judgment of subject matter specialist mainly on minor technical bills

the legal doctorine that a person who is arrested must have a timely hearing before a judge

a group of organization that advise the president on a wide range of issues