Chapter 8 Biology

• a genetic change in the population
• change in allele frequencies

the consequence of certain individual organisms in a population being born with characteristics that enable them to survive better and reproduce more than the offspring of other individuals in the population

• Studied theology at cambridge
• studied nature
• sailed on the beagle, 5 year surveying expedition

• Mutation
• Genetic Drift
• Migration
• Natural Selection

• direct change in the DNA of an individual
• only way new alleles can be created within a population

• random change in allele frequencies in a population
• reduces the genetic variation in a population

small number of individuals may leave a population and become the founding members of a new, isolated population

the movement of some individuals of a species from one population to another

• 1. Variation for a trait
• 2. Heritability
• 3. Differential reproductive success

• fossil record
• biogeography
• comparative anatomy and embryology
• molecular biology
• labboratoy and field experiments