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The brain is far more complex and versatile than the spinal cord
The Brain contains roughly 20 billion neurons
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Like the Spinal cord, the brain has the same 3 Meninges
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CNS - Brain
Cerebrum - Largest part of the Human Brain
- Divided into Left and Right cerebral Hemispheres
- *Longitudinal Fissure
Cerebral Cortex is made of Grey matter (3-4mm) Over 1 Billion neuron cell bodies
- Arranged in Convolutions (gives scrunchy look)
- gyri (projections) + sulei (grooves)
Left side of the brain side controls the right side and vice versa
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The Cereberal Cortex
4 Lobes
- Frontal Lobe
- *motor control
- *Thought Processing
- *Speech
- Parietal Lobe
- *recieves sensory info (from skin and muscles)
- *taste
- *Temporal Lobe
- *Hearing
- *Smelling
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4 Major Regions of the Brain
- 1. Cerebrum
- Corpus Collosum - Nerve Fibers connecting the right side to the left side
2. Cerebellum - coordination of skeletal muscle and posture
- 3. Brain Stem -
- *Mid Brain - Visual and Auidtory processing
- *Pons
- *Mendulla Oblongata - Breathing, Cardiac Center
- Corpura Quadrigemina
- (2 Superior colliculi - visual)
- (2 inferior colliculi - auditory)
- 4. Diencephalon
- *Epithalmus - pineal gland -Melatonin secretion
- *Thalamus - relay center
- *Hypothalmus -Maintains Homeostasis
- *Pituitary Gland (Master Gland)
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The Limbic System
Integrates - emotions and reasoning
Pleasure Center - Behaviors
Amygdala - Emotions
Hippocampus - Memories and Expeirences
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The Ventricles of the Brain
Cavities Containing Cerberalspinal Fluid
- Ventricles cavities that produce cereberalspinal fluid
- 3 Functions
- *Cushioning
- *delivers nutrients, removal of waste
- *Buoyancy
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The Ventricales of the Brain
4 Ventricles
- Lateral Ventricles (1-2)
- 3rd Ventricle dumps into the ceberal aquaduct to the 4th Ventricle.
- 4th Ventricle
150 ML of spinal fluidin the brain replenishes every 8 hours.
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Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves - Components of PNS; connect to the brain rather than the spinal cord
12 pairs
Numbered using the Romoan numerals
Each cranial nerve attaches to the brain near the associate sensory or motor nuclei
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Olfactory Nerve
Cranial nerve 1 (NI)
Primary Functin - Smell
Destination - Temporal lobe via olfactory bulbs
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Optic Nerve
Cranial Nerve 2
(NII)
Primary Function - Vision
Destination:
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The Oculomotor
Cranial Nerve 3
NIII
Primary Function: Motor - Eye movements
Destination: Eye Muscles
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The Trochlear Nerve
(NIV)
Functions: Motor>eye movements
Destination: Eye Movements
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The Trigeminal Nerve
(NV)
Primary Functions: Mixed (sensory and Motor)
Destination: Pons - Sensory from the face
muscles for the Mastication ( motor)
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The Abducens Nerve
(NVI)
Primary Functions: Eye Movement
Destination: Eye Muscle
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The Facial Nerve
(NVII)
Promary Function: Mixed (sensory and motor)
- Destination:
- Pons - (sensory>taste)
- Facial Muscles, tears, saliva > Motor
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The Vestibulocochlear Nerve
(NVIII)
Primary Function: Balance, Equilibrium, and hearing
- Destination: Pons and Mundulla Oblongata
- CNV thru CNVIII are Pons
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The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
(N IX)
- Promary Function:
- Mixed (sensory and motor)
- Destination:
- mendulla oblongata (sensory>taste)
- Somatic motor
- >Pharyngeal muscles invloved in swallowing
Visceral motor - Partoid salivary gland
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The Vagus Nerve
(N X)
Primary Function; Mixed (sensory and Motor)
- Destination:
- Sensory Fibers to mendulla oblongata
- somatic motor to muscles of the palate and pharynx
- visceral motor t respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive organs
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The Accessory Nerve
(N XI)
Primary Function: Motor
- Destination:
- Internal branch innervates voluntary muscles of the palate, pharynx, larynx and neck
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The Hypoglossal Nerve
(N XII)
Primary Function: Motor
Destination: Muscles of tissue
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Need to Know:
- Cranial Nerve #
- Name
- Function
- Origin/Destination
- Need to Know
- Sensory
- Motor
- Mixed
Check Lab Book
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