-
Courvoisier's Sign
palpable gallbladder that compresses duodenum and creates a "C" shape on CT scan
-
Trousseau's Syndrome
Migratory Thrombophlebitis-redness, tenderness on palpation of extremitis
-
Triple Therapy of H Pylori
Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, Bismuth (can add PPI)
-
Charcot's Triad of Cholangitis:
- Jaundice (obstructuve-conj bili)
- Fever
- RUQ pain-colicky pain
-
Murphy's Sign
Inspiratory Arrest on deep palpation into liver under the rib cage
-
Pain for pancreatitis & pancreatic adenoCA
epigastric radiates to the BACK
-
Pain for cholelithiasis
epigastric after a meal and then radiates to SHOULDER
-
Appendicitis pain
starts diffusely-periumbilical, and then localizes to RLQ
-
Rotor's Syndrom
milder Dubin-Johnson
-
Dubin-Johnson problem
can't excrete conjugated bilirubin with MRP2, black liver, cola colored urine
-
Gilbert
stress induced, can't uptake unconj. bili (OATP)
-
Crigler-Najjar problem
&
Tx?
- can't conjugate unconj. bili, no UDP glucoronidation (UGT), kernicterus
- Tx: phototherapy (makes conj bili which is water soluble)
-
Reye's Syndrome
&
Tx?
- childhood Aspirin Acetominophen hepatoencephalopathy, fatty liver (microvesicular), mitochondrial abnormalities, influenza B
- Tx: salicylate
-
Micronodular Cirrhosis
- Alcohol, hemochromatosis, Wilson's dz
- (metabolic insult)
-
Microvesicular Fatty Change
cholestasis, pregnancy, Reyes Syndrome, drugs
-
Macronodular Cirrhosis
- viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis
- (liver injury-->necrosis)
-
Macrovesicular Fatty Change
Alcohol, obesity, some drugs, DM
-
Viral Hep aminotransferase labs
AST/ALT<1
-
Alcoholic Hep Aminotransferase labs
AST/ALT>1
-
what does APC do to B-catenin in FAP Colorectal CA?
APC allows more B-catenin expression=gene expression of growth promoting factors
-
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
- congestion of IVC or hepatic veins=congestive liver disease
- assoc. with: polycythemia vera, pregnancy, HCC
-
Nutmeg Liver
backup of blood into the liver caused by Right HF and Budd-Chiari sybnd. Liver is mottled looking. can cause cardiac cirrhosis
-
signs of portal HTN & cirrhosis
esophageal varices, splenomegaly, caput medusae, hemorrhoids, scleral icterus, Fetor Hepaticus, Spider angiomata, palmar erythema, gynecomastia, jaundice, testicular atrophy, "flap" asterixis, bleeding tendency (dec. PPT), anermia, ankle edema
-
3 uses of Misoprostol
- 1) PGE analog for protection of mucus in NSAID-induced PUD
- 2) abortion
- 3) maintenance of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
-
pneumonic for type of salivary cells in main salivary glands
"serous on the sides (parotids) and mucinous in the middle (sublingual)"
-
WBC differential: Order of highest volume to lowest
- "Neutrophils Like Making Everything Better"
- Neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- eosinophils
- basophils
-
Corrected Rectic count:
=(actual Hct/45)% x (reticulocyte count) %
-
Cromolyn Sodium treats what and how?
treats asthma-prevents mast cell degranulation
-
Type I Hypersensitivity: which cells
Mast cells and Eosinophils
-
type IV/Type III
Immune complexes/ Ag-Ab
-
Eosinophils fight:
- "NAACP"
- Neoplasm, Asthma, Allergy, Collagen Vascular Dzs, Parasites (helminth, protozoa)
-
Platelet granule types
- 1) alpha granules: vWF, fibrinogen
- 2) dense granules: ADP, calcium
-
"Dense Core Bodies"
identify/define/describe pathologic condition
- Carcinoid tumor, neuroendocrine tumor-->5HT
- if outside the GI tract=carcinoid syndrome:wheezing, Rt Heart murmurs, diarrhea, flushing
-
Curschmann's Spirals in sputum
diff lung dzs-asthma for example
-
Charcot-Leyden crystals
Allergic reactions in lungs (eosinophils seens too) or parasitic pneumonia or ascariasis
-
Reid Index
hypertrophy, hyperplasia of mucus glands, chronic bronchitis
-
Rales
pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, acute bronchitis, or bronchiectasis. Pulmonary edema secondary to left-sided congestive heart failure
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