GERD

gastroesophageal reflux

gastroesophageal reflux disease

lower esophageal sphincter

ideal body weight

history

past history

family history

medications

patient education

signs and symptoms

treatment

surgery

within normal limits

a problem with chewing and or swallowing

the passage of substances beneath the vocal cords into the pharynx and trachea

aspiration of the stomach content into the lungs following a gastroesophageal reflux

an inflammation of the lungs due to the enterance of foreign matter, such as food particles, into the respiratory passage

a mucous membrane covering tubular body structures and formed by superpsed layers of epithelium, lamina propria, and smooth muscle

the clear, thick, and sticky secretion of mucous membranes.

Gastrin

a condition characterized by abnormal, recurrent reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus causing symptoms and esophageal damage

an inflammation of the esophagus due to the gastroesophageal reflux, which causes increased epithelial cell turnover

pain when swallowing

• "belching"
• -the passage of gas or a small amount of refluxed acidic gastric material through the mouth

the narrowing or stenosis of a hollow structure or tube

damage to mucosa or skin surface, due to superficial loss of tissue and possibly accompanied by inflammation

characterized by abnormal transformation of differentiated tissue of one type into differentiated tissue of another type

the growth of abnormal tissue

an examination of the interior of a hollow organ using an instrument like the endoscope

an epithelial cell cancer

• -heartburn, epigastric pain, burning sensation
• -belching/eructation
• -regurgitation
• -esophagitis
• -odynophagia, dysphagia
• -increased salivation
• -pain possibly radiating to the jaw, neck, and back

• -bleeding
• -severe dysphagia
• -ulceration and stricture of the distal esophagus
• -Barrett's esophagus
• -perforated peptic ulcer
• -aspiration pneumonia
• -weight loss
• -obstruction of the esophagus
• -anemia
• -malnutrition
• -appearance of cancer cells
• -esophagitis leading to odynophagia and hemorrhage
• -electrolyte imbalances and dehydration due to vomiting

• - excess gastric acid secretion : zollinger-ellison syndrome
• - increased hormone secretion: gastrin, progesterone, estrogen
• -binge eating
• -high caffeine intake
• -morphine
• -dopamine
• - bulemia nervosa
• -heart disease
• -hiatial hernia
• -high fat diet
• -alcohol consumption
• -cigarette smoke
• -large meals

• -avoid high fat foods
• -avoid lying down right after eating
• - avoid chocolate, mint, caffeine, alcohol, carbonated beverages
• -eating smaller meals
• -avoid smoking
• -no tight clothes

- potatoes, green vegetables, strawberries, melons, green and red peppers