music 1

In music as in other arts the early 20th century was a time of revolt

the most famous riot in music history occurred in paris on may 29 1913 at the premiere of ifor stravinsky's ballet, Le Sacre du printemps

all of the above: composers drew on inspiration from an enormous variety of sourcs including folk and popular music, the music of asia, africa, and latin america; the european art music from the middle ages through the 19th century

the greatest 20th century composer was Bela Bartok

other composers stimulated by folklore were stravinsky who drew on folk songs from russia; charles Ives and bartok

a glissando is a rapid slide up or down a scale

string players frequently strike the strings withthe stick of the bow rathre than draw the bow across the strings;percussion instruments have become more prominent and numerous,reflecting the 20th century interest in unusual rhythms and tone colors; a piano is often used to add a percussive edge to the sound of an orchestra; this is the "emancipation of dissonance"

a polychord is a combination of two heard at the same time

all of the above: to creat fresh sounds composers used scales other than major or minor for ex. they breathed new life in the church modes; scales that had been used widely fefore 1600 as well as in folk songs of every period; other scales were borrowed from the musical tradition fo lands outside western europe

polytonality is pitch organization is the use of two or more keys at one time

atonality is the absence of tonality or key

schonenberg wrote the first significant atonal pieces around 1908

recordings of such lesser-known music multiplied with the apperarence of long-playing disks in 1948

radio broadcasts of live or recorded music began to reach a large audience during the 1920's

first opera created for television "amahl and the night visitors" by the italian-american composer Gian-Carlo

which music society was more influentical after WW1? International society for contemporary music

the french musician nadia boulanger was among the most important teachers of musical composition of the 20th century

most imprtant was impressionism best represented by the music of the french composer claude debussy

the artistic movement was in france

one painting by Monet entitled Impressoin: Sunrise

during the 18j70s they were seen as formless collections of tiny colored patches

impressionist painters were concerned primarly with effects of light, color, and atmosphere

most of all the impressionists were obsessed with water

mallarme whose poem, "L'Apres-midi d'un faune" (the afternoon of a faun) inspired debussy's most famous orchestral work. many poems by verlaine became texts for debussy's songs. a faun is a half-man half-goat

musicians modelded music after bach during the neoclassicism era

neoclassicism was 1920-1950

all of the above: neoclassicism is marked by emotional restraint, balance, and clarity

this movement which reacted against romanticism and impressionism

all of the above: favoring clear polyphonic textures, composers wrote fuges, concerti grossi, and baroque dance suits

picasso who designed sets for stravinsky's first neoclassical work "pulcinella"

primitivism is the deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds

the right of spring was written for an ENORMOUS orchestra

expressionism was 1905-1925 and was largly centered in germany and austria and stressed intense, subjective emotion

they used deliberate distortion to assault and shck thir audience

expressionism grew out of the same intellectual climate as freud's studies of hysteria and the unconscious. the expressionists rejected conventional prettiness

4 painters: ernst ludwig kirchner, emil nolde, edvard munch, oskar kokoschka

all of the above (but it won't be the answer!): expressionism is also an art concerned with social protest, many expressionists opposed WW1 and used art to depict their horror of blood shed

the composer schoenberg painted

all of the above w/strauss: 20th century musical expressionism grows out of tehemotional turbulence in the works of romantics like wagner and mahler

these works all stress harsh dissonance and fragmentation and exploit extreme registers and unusual instrumental effects

all four avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions

two of schoenberg's students were anton webern and alban berg

tone-color meoldy was a succession of varying tone colors used as a musical idea in a composition

sprechstimme is halfway between speaking and singing

all of the above: in 12-tone composition all pitches are derived from a special ordering of the 12 chromatic tones which is called a tone row, set, or series.

all of the above: schoenberg wrote the text himself basing it partly on a direct report by one of the few survivors of the warsaw ghetto and speech-singing by schoenberg

besidse english and german the text inclued hebrew

webern exploited schoenbergs idea of a melody built of tone colors. his melodic lines are atomized into 2 or 3 note fragments which are presentd in continually changing tone colors and registers

all of the above: texture, tone color, and dynamics play a crucial role in creating form in weberns music

weberns chamber orchestra of 18 soloists included unconventional instruments like the mandolin, guitar,cowbells and harmonium