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britsands
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1.Progressive narrowing and degeneration of arteries of neck, abdomen and extemities caused by artherosclerosisi
Peripheral artery disease
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2.Causative factors for PAD
- ◦smoking
- ◦hyperlipidema
- ◦hypertension
- ◦diabetes mellitus
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3.Clinical manafestations of pad
- ◦Intermittent claudation (primary)
- ◦ Paresthesias
- ◦Taut shiny skin
- ◦loss of hair
- ◦diminished pulses
- ◦pallor reactive hyperemia
- ◦Pain at rest when elevated more so at nigh
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5.Ace inhibitors (Ramipril) do what to help with pad
- ◦ increases..
- ◦Peripheral blood flow
- ◦abi
- ◦walking distance
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6.Trental does what to hel pad
◦increases erytherocyte flexibility ◦decreases blood viscosity
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7.What does pletal do to help pad
increases vasodialation and walking distance
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8.Acute arterial ischemic disorder
- ◦Complication to pad
- ◦sudden intrerruption of arterial blood supply that can result into tissue death (due to emobolism, chronic atria fib; thrombus or mi or valve problems)
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9.What are the 6 p's that are a sign of a clot
◦Pain ◦Pallor ◦Pulselessness ◦Paresthesia ◦Paralysis (late sign) ◦Poikilothermia (limb adapts to room temp ) ◦Tissure necrosisi and death
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10.What should patients with Raynaud's avoid for symptomatic relief? what if severe?
- avoid caffine, tobacco, and vasoconstrictive drugs and stress management,
- ◦Calcuim channel blockers
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11.Virchow's triad with DVT
◦ venous stasis ◦damage to inner lining of the vein ◦hyper coagulation of blood
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12.diagnostics for dvt
◦ultrasound doppler venous evaluation ◦duplex scans ◦venogram ◦blood work (ptt, pt, inr, d dimer, platelet count)
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13.Medical management of dvt if mild
◦bed rest and warm heat to leg ◦elevation of the leg ◦anticoagulation ( long term therapy coumadin, herparin therapy prior to therapeutic levels of coumadin. (low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin) ◦Serial monitoring of pt, ptt and Inr (goal is to have inr 2-3 times normal) ◦Thrombolytic drugs ◦thrombectomy
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14.Nursing management for acute intervention dvt
◦heparin, lovenox, tpa ◦monitoring protocols for these drugs ◦monitoring labs ◦monitoring for bleeding ◦assess for respiratory problems ◦know antidotes for medications
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15.If patient is on coumadin, what should be limited? what other things should you educate?
◦Vitamin K! ◦Soft toothbrush, no straight razor, bruising
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16.Secondary Varicose veins
Due to other reasons that genetics (DVT)
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17.Risk therapy for varicose vens
◦congenital weak veins ◦femal ◦hormone therapy ◦obesity ◦occupations
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18.treatment with vv
◦compression socks ◦walking ◦sclerotherapy-injecting sclerosing agents and/or foaming agent and wraping and teds hose ◦Laser therapy -non invasive, light therapy,( for smaller spider veins) ◦Surgical intervention - For recurrent thrombophlebitits, ligation for the entire vein (usually saphenous) endovenous occlusion w saphenous vein ligation
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19.Education for vv
◦dont cross legs ◦avoid constrictive clothing ◦lose weight ◦eduaction on compression stockings
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20.Post surgical care for vv
◦check circulation ◦legs elevated immediate post op ◦compression stockings ◦check incision lines
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21.Thromboangiitis obliterans aka
buergers disease
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22.rare no atherosclerotic recurrent inflammatory vaso-occulsive disorder small and medium size arterioles, veins and nerves
buergers disease
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23.What does Buergers disease cause
damage to arterial wal inflammatory process, fibroblast proliferation causing trhormbosis and fibrosisi
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24.Signs and symptoms of buergers disease
◦pain can be very severe and radiating ◦numbness and/or tingling ◦skin ulcerations ◦gangrene ◦treatment
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25.Medical management of buergers disease?
◦ stop smoking immerdiately and completely ◦medication- ca channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulatnts ◦Revasularization- Sympathectomy- does not alter the inflammatory process however ◦amputation
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