Barbiturates are primarily used as______________________.
sedatives, hypnotics, and also to treat sleep disturbances, anxiety and convulsive disorders.
Define
hypnotic.
sleep inducing
The therapeuticutility of the barbs and other CNS depressants is limited because of:(list5reasons)
their dose-related CNS depression
residual CNS depression
abuse potential
suicide potential
drug interactions.
The barbs are all substituted derivitives of______________________,which is_______________________________.
barbituric acid, a synthetic condensation product of malonic acid and urea.
Are the barbs acidic, basic, neutral, or amphoteric?
acidic
What functional group type in the barbs determines their acid/base properties?
Imide
The rate and extent of barbiturate distribution to its site of action in the CNS are primarily dependent upon_________________________________.
drug lipophilicity
T/F
The greater the lipophilic character, the more readily a barbiturate redistributes from the CNS to adipose tissue,and the longer its duration of action.
False
shorter
Barbs and their metabolites are eliminated primarily by____________ mechanisms
renal
The rate of elimination of the barbs can be enhanced by____________of the urine
alkalinization
Why might IR analysis of the barbiturates be a problem (2 reasons)
polymorphism
certain barbiturates do not crystallize but form amorphous masses
What are the two recommended solvents for GC/MS analysis of the barbs?
Methylene chloride or chloroform
T/F
Barbiturates have a predominant molecular ion in MS analysis
False
do not yield a molecular ion
Methyprylon is promoted as a____________________drug.
hypnotic
What is the approximate half-life of chloral hydrate?
one the order of minutes
What is the approximate half-life of trichloroacetic acid(TCA),a metabolite of chloral hydrate?
4 days
Briefly describe the preferred method of analysis of chloral hydrate?
