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A bacterial toxin that kills host cells or alters their functions
Cytotoxin
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Vaccine for Pertussis (Whooping Cough) and Diptheria
DPT
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A round growth in lugs caused by TB
Tubercle
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Mutations in genes encoding H or N spikesMay involve only 1 amino acid.Allows virus to avoid mucosal IgA antibodies.
antigenic drift
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a variation within a species
Serotype
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inflammation of the lungs
Pneumonia
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A technique using DNA polymerase to make multiple copies of a NDA template in vitro
Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR
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A live, attenuated strain fo Mycobacterium bovis used to provide immunity to TB
BCG
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Infant vaccine for Pneumonia
Prenar
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spikes used for attachment to host cell in influenza
hemagglutinin
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Spikes used to release virus from cells
Neuraminidase
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Causes of the common cold
50% by the rhinoviruses, 15-20% by coronaviruses, and can be caused by other agents
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Causative agent for Strep Throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
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Recommended therapy for strep throat
Antibiotics
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Etiology of Strep Throat
Contact with secretions
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Symptoms of Strep Throat
Sore throat, Fever, Swollen Cervical LNs
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Causative agent of Whooping Cough
Bordetella pertussis
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Therapy for Whooping Cough
Antibiotics: Cry Viol.
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symptoms of Whooping Cough
Cold than spasmodic cough
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Vaccine for Whooping cough
DPT
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Etiology of Whooping cough
Gram-negative cocobacillus (Bordetella pertussis)
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Causative agent for diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheria
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recommended therapy for diphtheria
intubation and antibiotics
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etiology for diphtheria
Produces a toxin which paralyzes the eye, neck, throat, and respiratory muscles. Toxin also may damage heart, brain, and nerves if released into the bloodstream.
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Vaccine for diphtheria
DTP
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Symptoms of diphtheria
visual
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Causive agent of TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Recommended therapy for TB
Prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics
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Etiology of TB
M. avium-intracellulare complex infects people with late stage HIV infection
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Vaccine for TB
BCG, live, avirulent M. bovis; not widely used in United States
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Causative agent of H. Influenza Pneumonia
Gram-negative coccobacillus identified during flu outbreak
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Therapy of H. Influenza Pneumonia
Second-generation cephalosporins
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etiology of H. Influenza
Opportunistic pathogen
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Vaccine for H. Influenza
Hib
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Causative agent of legionella
Legionella pneumophila
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Recommended therapy for legionella
Antibiotics
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etiology of legionella
Found in water tinged with organic matter
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etiology of Psittacosis
Transmitted to humans by bird droppings.
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symptoms of Psittacosis
high fever, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, splenomegaly
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Treatment for RSV
Ribavirin
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Symptoms of the Flu
Chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches (no intestinal symptoms)
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treatment for the Flu
Amantadine
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Changes in H and N spikesProbably due to genetic recombination between different strains infecting the same cell
Antigenic shift
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Causative agent of Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum, dimorphic fungus
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treatment of Histoplasmosis
Amphotericin B
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treatment for Pneumocystis
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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A disease characterized by frequent, wattery stools containing blood and mucus
dysentery
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a condition resulting from the ingestion of a microbially produced toxin
intoxication
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A protiein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells
exotoxin
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a exotoxin that causes gastroenteritis, such as those protused by staphylococcus, vibrio, and escherichia
Enterotoxin
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felling of difficulty during defication
temesmus
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Organism that harbor pathogens and transmit them to others
carrier
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Saltwater and fresh water mixed
Brackish water
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primarily a disease of infancy and early childhood and is classically
characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
hemolytic uremic syndrome
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Percent exposed/percent non- exposed
Relative Risk
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Progression to Periodontal disease
healthy gingivae, Gingivitis, Periodontal pockets, Periodontitis
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MolPath of Shigellosis
Shiga toxin causes tissue destruction: bleeding to intestinal performation.
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MolPath for Hilicobactor Peptic Ulcer Disease
bacteria dissolves mucous layer of stomach to invade deeper tissue
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Fecal-oral cycle can be broken by
Proper sewage disposalDisinfection of drinking waterProper food preparation and storage
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MolPath of Typhoid Fever
Bacteria is spread throughout body by invading circulating phagocytes
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