cell biology

thick muscle filaments, use ATP to slide along thin filaments for contraction

thin muscle filaments

intermediate filaments in hair and nails

intermediate filaments in muscle

intermediate filaments in fibroblasts

molecule that increases membrane fluidity

cell membranes: are they negative or positive on the inside compared to the outside?

adhesion molecules that create cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions to anchor cells

cell-cell occluding junctions, are impermeable

cell-cell junctions that allow communication between cells

transmembrane proteins where the receptor and response enzyme are a single unit

glycolipid antigens on the cell membrane

glycoprotein antigens on the cell membrane

variable portion of cell cycle, determines cell cycle length

quiescent portion of cell cycle

portion of cell cycle where cell divides

portion of mitosis where centromeres attach, spindle forms, and nucleus disappears

portion of mitosis where chromosomes align

portion of mitosis where chromosomes pull apart

portion of mitosis where separate nuclei reform around each set of chromosomes

portion of nucleus where ribosomes are made

creation of mRNA from DNA

transcription factor that binds receptor in the cytoplasm and enters the nucleus

transcription factor that binds receptor in nucleus

enzyme that uses oligonucleotides to amplify specific DNA sequences

guanine, adenine

cytosine, thymidine (DNA), uracil (RNA)

use of mRNA for synthesis of protein

made of two subunits that read mRNA, bind appropriate tRNA and make proteins

site on ribosome where tRNAs dock

site of ribosome where tRNAs connect to elongating amino acid for protein synthesis

enzyme that unwinds DNA helix, forms DNA-RNA helix, and releases RNA as a single stranded copy

cell metabolism where 1 glucose generates 2 ATP and 2 lactic acid

enzyme that converts lactic acid to pyruvate

portion of cell where Krebs cycle occurs, NADH and FADH2 are created

cell metabolism where 2 pyruvate create NADH and FADH2

portion of cell metabolism where NADH and FADH2 are converted to ATP

number of ATP produced by one glucose molecule in Krebs/ETC

production of glucose by lactic acid and amino acids in times of starvation or stress

name of cycle where lactic acid is convered to glucose

portion of cell where proteins for export are synthesized

portion of cell where lipids and steroids are synthesized, drugs are detoxified

portion of cell where proteins are modified with carbohydrates

kinase activated by calcium and DAG

kinase activated by cAMP that phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins