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What laws have expanded the right to vote?
14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th
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14th amendment
- guaranteed citizenship to all born in the United states
- also granted the minority citizens the right to vote, to increase the percentage of males over 21 who could vote
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15th amendment
stated no vote shall be denied on account of race or color for males.
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19th amendment
gave the right to vote to women
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24th amendment
outlawed the poll tax, which allowed barriers to African American to vote to break in the south
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26th amendment
gave the 18 year old citizens the right to vote.
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discriminatory electoral practices
- qualifications, property ownership, and taxpaying requirements
- Southern states imposed literacy tests, poll taxes, and the "grandfather clause" to keep African Americans from voting.
- Southern states used the white primary tool which didn’t allow blacks to vote for the democratic primary
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grandfather clause
exempted a voter from these requirements if his (free white) grandfather voted before 1860.
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electoral practice remedies
- Smith v. Allwright case which ruled that the exclusion of blacks violated the 15th amendment
- voting rights act of 1965 which didn’t end discrimination but was an important tool in protecting the right to vote
- and registration laws were designed to reduce corruption
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turnout is
the number of citizens who actually voted divided by the total number of citizens who are legally qualified to vote
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2008 turnout
- 39.4% of registered without a high school diploma
- 77% of those with a college degree voted82.7% voted with a graduate degree.
- Those aged 65 and over vote the most out of any other age group.
- From the years 2000 to 2008 the age group 18-24 raised by 15%.
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direct primary election
mandates parties get widespread voter input in selecting nominees.
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closed primary system
- registered members of the party are allowed to vote
- closed ballot
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open primary system
- voters can participate in the primary election without declaring membership in a party.
- open ballot
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presidential process evolved
- local notables cast electoral vote
- dem and fed each party represenatives in congres name pres canidates
- 1968 temoil
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binding primary
voters picked delegates who pledge their support for a particular presidential candidate
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nomination caucus
where party members attend meetings to share ideas and concerns about particular candidates
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most controversial primary and caucus
Hampshire v. Iowa because they are the first ones who pick nominations.
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steps into whitehouse
- 270 electoral votes
- we vote on tue following the first mon of nov
- states elector vote on the sec wed of dec
- house of rep vote for pres, state get one vote
- no maj 26, senate votes vice president
- no maj 51, speaker of house assumes duties
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adam vs jefferson
- 1800
- Jefferson and burr tied so the vote was settled by the house of representatives
- jefferson won but bur made problems so addopted 12 amendment
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12th amendment
In the electoral college, electors must indicate who they are voting for as president, and who they are voting for a vice president.
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adam vs jackson
- 1824
- jackson won popular vote, no candidate won majority in electoral college - The house of rep
- Adam received clays support who was the speaker of the house
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hayes vs tilden
- 1876
- Even though Tilden won popular vote, the electoral college votedThere was a one vote margin in the electoral college for hayes
- influenced texas
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gore vs bush
- 2000
- Bush awarded the stated by 537 popular votes but with 271 electoral votes (need 270)
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role of money
- treat voters
- newspapers (advirtising)
- need new way to reach out
- Feca limited money
- loophole soft money
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soft money
political parties giving unlimited sums of money through purchasing advirtisement
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