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Allergen
A substance that triggers an allergic reaction.
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Anaphylaxis
An enzyme in flour that breaks down starches into simple sugars.
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Calorie
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius.
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Carbohydrate
Any of a group of compounds, including starches and sugars, that supply energy to the body.
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Celiac disease
A reaction to gluten in which the lining of the intestine is damaged.
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Cholesterol
A fatty substance found in foods derived from animal products and in the human body; it has been linked to heart disease.
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Empty calorie:
A food that provide few nutrients per calorie.
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Fat
Any of a group of compounds, consisting of chains of fatty acids, that supply energy to the body in a concentrated form.
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Fiber
A type of complex carbohydrate that is not absorbed by the body but is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system.
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Food intolerance
A nonallergic reaction to a food that may be characterized by any of a variety of undesirable symptoms.
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Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
Referring to a vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.
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Lacto-vegetarian:
Referring to a vegetarian diet that includes milk and other dairy products.
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Lipid
Any of a group of compounds containing fats and cholesterol.
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Monounsaturated fat
A type of fat, normally liquid at room temperature, that contains one double bond in its carbon chain.
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Nutrient
A substance essential for the functioning or growth of an organism.
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Nutrient density
The quantity of nutrients per calorie.
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Ovo-vegetarian
Referring to a vegetarian diet that includes eggs.
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Protein
Any of a group of nutrients essential for growth, building body tissue, and basic body functions, and that can also be used for energy if the diet doesn’t contain enough carbohydrates and fats.
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Saturated fat
A fat that is normally solid at room temperature.
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Sucralose
The chemical name for regular granulated sugar and confectioners’ sugar.
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Trans fat
A solid fat, usually manufactured by hydrogenation, that limits the body’s ability to rid itself of cholesterol.
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Vegan
Referring to a vegetarian diet that excludes all animal products, including dairy products and eggs.
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Vitamin
any of a group of compounds that are present in foods in very small quantities and that are necessary for regulating body functions.
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