oceanography test 1

air

stone

water

life

observe phenomena, formulate a hypothesis, design an experiment, predict the outcome, conduct the experiment, draw conclusions.

8

highest point to lowest point

bisect sphere and pass through the center, identify shortest distance between 2 spots

angled north and south of the equator(run east to west),

tropic of cancer(n) and capricorn(s) at 23.5*, equator at 0*, north and south pole at 90*, arctic(n) and antarctic circles at 66.5

angled east and west of the poles(runs north and south)

0* longitude runs through greenwich england

furthest point from the sun, northern hemisphere winter

closest point to the sun, northern hemisphere summer

is the plane at which the earth orbits, titlted at 23.5*, not parallel with equatorial lines

causes the north pole to always point towards the north star

june 22, sun directly overhead at 23.5 n latitude, antarctic circle(south) in darkness 24 hours, start of summer in northern hemisphere

dec 22, sun is directly overhead at 23.5 s latitude, arctic circle(north) in 24 hour darkness, start of winter in northern hemisphere

happen on march 21 and september 21 every year, day length is 12 hours worlwide(equinox), sun is directly overhead at the equator

ante-meridian and post-meridian

lines that connect points of equal data

size, shape, distance, direction

the relationship between area on map and area on earth-- the larger the amount of area portrayed the smaller the scale

graphical(common), fractional, verbal

squares are perfect no curve

curved angles circular edges

wrap earth in a cylinder of paper

project globe on to paper that is tangent at some point, shows on one hemisphere

project map onto a cone, good for small areas

most common, mix of conformal and equivalent, oval shape

good for land projections cuts off ocean

adds isolines to seperate common traits on a map

shows elevation, closer the lines the more elevation change

wide area augmentation system

continuously operated gps reference stations

measurement by device not in contact with earth--arial photography, orthophoto maps, visable light and infrared light(IR) scanning, thermal, radar and sonar......

photo maps that show color and are undistorted, usueful in low lying coastal areas to show marsh

shows false color

usueful in identifying atmosphereic moisture

underwater imaging using sound

shows images based on heat

geographic information systems, layers of data used in mapping, requires high-powered computers

atlantic, pacific, indian, arctic, antarctic

red,mediteranean,persiangulf, black, abriatic, caspian, indian ocean

blasa raft- the kon tiki, to demonstrate migration of south americans to pacific islands

first from western hemisphere to develope navigational charts. first to circumnavigate africa

settled iceland and greenland, leif ericson went on scientific voyages and settled canada at new finland

first to circumnavigate globe, killed in pacififc island

3 scientific voyages,endeavor, resolution, adventure. mapped islands in pacific, measured ocean charactoristics

cloud of gas and dust-gravity causes to compact and rotate forming eddies then protoplanets then planets

low density, many silicate materials

mainly iron and magnesium

high density iron and nickle

crust and upper mantle, 60 miles thick

hot plastic, flows with high viscosity, 430 miles deep

lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer and inner core

water vapor, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, formed original oceans

earliest life, relied on outside food source

later forms of life, produced own food, anaerobic, developed chorophyll used for photosynthesis

2.45 billion years ago,increased oxygen and ozone, eliminated anaerobic life

present to 65.5 billion years ago,

251 billion years ago to 65.5

542 to 251 billion years

630 to 542 billion years

proposed pangea

matching rock and mountain formations, glacial evidence, plant and animals fossils found seperat continents, magnetic polarity changes recorded..paleomagnetism..

spreading center where heat breaks through ocean floor

where two crust collide with the lighter one rising, does not occur during continent to continent convergence

divergent moving away like mid- atlantic and rift valley, convergent moving towards like andes, himalayas, alps, transform side by side like san andreas and alpine fault

life cycle of ocean basins, formation, growth, destruction