Blood Vessels and Circulation

The abdominal aorta terminates by dividing into the

A. External iliac arteries
B. Inferior and superior mesenteric arteries
C. Common iliac arteries
D. Femoral arteries
E. Internal iliac arteries

The artery which is the continuation of the femoral
artery after itapsses to the posterior side of the thigh is the:

A. Posterior tibial
B. Laterl geniculate
C. Posterior femoral
D. Peroneal
E. Popliteal

The venous anastomoses are more common than arterial anastomoses
True False

Veins contain thick layers of smooth muscle and play a major
role in regulating systemic blood pressure
True False

Circulatory shock can occur when output from the
sympathetic nervous system is suddenly inhibited
True False

The smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels is found
in which of the following layers

A. Tunica adventitia
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica intima
D. All of the above

There is not enough blood in the body to fill the entire
vascular system at once. About how much of the body’s capillaries is closed at
any given time?

A. One-third
B. Three-fourths
C. One-forth
D. One-half

Veins have lower blood pressure than arteries, averaging
about 80mm HG, in contrast to the 120 mg Hg seen in large arteries during systole
True False

Arteries

A. Have a thicker wall than veins
B. Depend upon the massaging action of the skeletal muscle for continuous blood flow
C. Contain a lower blood pressure than veins
D. May contain one-way valves

Diastolic pressure is the peak arterial BP reached during
ventricular contractions and systolic pressure is the minimum arterial BP between heartbeats
A. 110
B. 120
C. 150
D. 130

Pulse pressure equals the systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) equals the sum of the diastolic pressure plus 1/3 of the pulse pressure. What is the MABP in an individual with a blood pressure of 15/90.

A. 120/80
B. 130/70
C. 140/90
D. 140/70

Because of their ability to expand during systole and recoil
during diastole, the elastic arteries “smooth out” changes in blood pressure.
True False

A three-fold increase in the radius of a blood vessel
produces an 81-fold increase in blood flow
True False

The rising temperature of active muscles promotes
vasodilation
True False

The baroreceptors

A. Transmit signels continually to the brainstem
B. Increase their signaling rate when the blood pressure rises
C. Excite the vagal nerves to the heart and dilate the arteries to lower BP
D. All of the above

Reduced capillary reabsorption of fluid can lead to
edema. Which of the following does not contribute to edema?

A. Kidney diseases
B. Liver disease
C. Extreme muscular activity
D. Dietary protein deficiency

Which of the following types of low venous return (LVR)
shock occurs when released histamine causes extensive generalized vasodilation

A. Sepitic shock
B. Neurogenic shock
C. Anaphylactic shock
D. Hypovolemic shock

Which of the following is not a branch of the abdominal
aorta

A. Celiac artery
B. Intercostal arteries
C. Renal arteries
D. Common iliac arteries

In contrast to the superficial veins run parallel to the arteries
and have similar names
True False

Blood vessels that connect two capillary network are
called

A. Arterial system
B. Anastomoses
C. Portal systems
D. Capillary plexes
E. Veins

The tissue layer of a vessel that differs most in
thickness when comparing arteries and veins is the

A. Tunica media
B. Tunica adventitia
C. Tunica intima
D. Tunica externa
E. Tunica interna

These have the most control of perfusion of a capillary
bed.

A. Precapillary sphincters
B. Elastic artieris
C. Sinusoids
D. Fenestrated capillaries
E. Muscular artieries

These structures present in medium-sized veins, prevent
backflow of blood

A. Precapillary sphincters
B. Venous valves
C. Skeletal muscles
D. Fenestrations
E. Venous tunica

All of these factors may increase peripheral resistance
except

A. Polycythemia
B. Blood viscosity
C. Radius of vessel
D. Blood type
E. Length of vessels

Vasodilation may be brought about by:

A. Angiotensin II
B. High blood oxygen
C. Low blood CO2
D. Histamine
E. Lack of nitric oxide

Venous pooling in a soldier standing at attention for a
prolonged time occurs mainly when this mechanism fails

A. Pressure gradient
B. Gravity
C. Respiratory pump
D. Skeletal muscle pump
E. Cardiac suction

Blood flowing from the Dural sinus will eventually go
through this vein immediately before continuing into the superior vena cava

A. Aorta
B. Brachiocephalic
C. Internal jugular
D. Vertebral
E. Subclavian

The right common carotid receives its blood from this
artery directly

A. Right subclavian
B. Celiac trunk
C. Brachiocephalic
D. Right cerebral
E. Aorta

A unique venous system, called the ___________ carries
blood directly from the intestines to the liver for processing rather than directly into the inferior vena cava
A. Hepatic portal system
B. Saphenous vein
C. Superior mesenteric vein
D. Gonadal vein

A heartbeat of less than 60 beats per minute is called
_____

A. Tachycardia

B. Bradycardia

C. Arrhythmia

D. Fibullartion

What are three factors which help venous blood return to
the heart?

The higher the tissue’s rate of metabolism, the more capillaries
are in the tissue.
True False

The pressure within the right atrium is called

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle is the
______

The force that the blood exerts against the inner walls
of the blood vessels is ____________

What is Vasodilation

Force produced by the friction between the blood and the walls
of the blood vessels is

When blood vessels are the

What is the pace maker

The ____ of an artery wall is largely composed of
connective tissue

Relaxation of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel being
in a condition of _______.

Filtration results when substance are forced through
capillary walls by ______Pressure

The presence of plasma proteins in blood increases the
_____ pressure as compared to tissue fluids

There exists a 1 mmm Hg pressure differential between
blood flow from the pulimonary artery and the returning blood flow carried by the pulmonary veins. What mechanism prevents the alveal sacs of the lungs from filling with fluid?

Most of the average adult heart lies to the left of the
midline.
True False