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Aerobic
Requiring oxygen to live and grow; said of bacteria.
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Allergen
A substance that triggers an allergic reaction.
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Anaerobic
Requiring an absence of oxygen to live and grow; said of bacteria.
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AP weight
As purchased; the weight of an item before trimming.
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Baker’s percentage
A method of expressing ratios of ingredients in a baking formula, in which the weight of each ingredient is expressed as a percentage of the weight of the flour.
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Centi-
Prefix in the metric system meaning “one-hundredth.”
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Contaminated
Containing a harmful substance not originally present in the food.
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Cross-contamination
The transfer of pathogens to food from another food or from work surfaces or equipment.
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Deci-
Prefix in the metric system meaning “one-tenth.”
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EP weight
Edible portion; the weight of an item after trimming.
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Facultative
Able to live and grow with or without the presence of oxygen; said of bacteria.
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Flow of food
The path food travels in a food service operation from receiving to serving.
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Food Danger Zone
The temperature range of 41° to 135°F (5° to 57°C), in which bacteria grow rapidly.
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Formula
Set of instructions for preparing a bakery product; a baker’s recipe.
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Gram
The basic unit of weight in the metric system; equal to about one-thirtieth of an ounce.
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Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP)
a food safety system of self-inspection designed to highlight hazardous foods and to control food handling to avoid hazards.
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Hazard
A potentially dangerous food condition due to contamination, growth of pathogens, survival of pathogens, or presence of toxins.
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Kilo-
Prefix in the metric system meaning “one thousand.”
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Lag phase
A period after bacteria are introduced to a new environment and before they begin to grow and reproduce.
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Liter
The basic unit of volume in the metric system; equal to slightly more than 1 quart.
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Meter
The basic unit of length in the metric system; slightly longer than 1 yard.
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Metric system
A measurement system based entirely on decimals.
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Microorganism
A life form, such as bacteria, too small to be seen without a microscope.
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Milli-
Prefix in the metric system meaning “one-thousandth.”
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Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism.
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Recipe
Set of instructions for preparing a certain dish.
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Scaling
Weighing, usually of ingredients or of doughs or batters.
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Scone flour
A mixture of flour and baking powder used when very small quantities of baking powder are needed.
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Standardized formula
A set of instructions describing the way a particular establishment prepares a certain baked item
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