-
Monospecific antibodies are produced by cells that all originate from a single _________ cell
hydridoma
-
The only major mouse monoclonal antibody available for human administration is ______
OKT3
-
OKT3 is an ____________ and therefore minimizes ___________
- immunosuppressant
- immunoreactivity
-
The 2 types of monoclonal antibodies are _______ which ends in _____ and ________ which ends in _______
- Chimeric
- ximab
- Humanized
- umab
-
Chimeric antibodies are composed of _________ sequence the rest human antibody sequence
~ 30% mouse protein
-
In chimeric monoclonal antibodies the V-region remains as _______ , while the remaining protein is ________ antibody
sequence
-
Humanized monoclonal antibodies are composed of ______ mouse protein
~10%
-
In humanized monoclonal antibodies just the ______ is taken from the mouse
CDRs (complementarity-determining regions)
-
Proteins are expressed in eukaryotic cells due to _________
requirements
glycosylation
-
From the _______ sequences, one can identify the CDR limits because they are flanked by conserved ___ and _____ chain sequences
-
6 pairs of _________ are generated for PCR amplification of the ________
-
____________ ________ is used to sequentially introduce the CDRs into the human homolog
oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis
-
After _____ cycles of mutation, the ______ that is essentially human, with binding sites coded for by the _________
-
What agent is associated with VEGF and used to treat colorectal cancer
Bevacizumab
-
Two primary mechanisms for how antibodies are able to kill cells
- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
- Complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC)
-
Gemtuzumab is associated with what antigen & what is it used to treat
- CD33
- Acute myeloid leukemia
-
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) uses _______ to induce apoptosis in targeted
cells by the release of ________, ___________ and
___________
- NK-cells
- perforins
- granzymes
- IFN-γ
-
What agent is used to treat T-cell mycosis fungoides, and what antigen is it associated with
-
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) uses complement to bind the _______ and then insert into the _________ to
form the ______________.
- antibody
- tumor cell
- membrane attack complex
-
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) results in disruption of the ___________ of the tumor cell.
transmembrane integrity
-
What agent was initially approved for relapsed indolent lymphomas that increases sensitivity of tumor cells to the apoptotic effects of traditional chemotherapeutic agents
Rituximab
-
Rituximab binds to CD20 and activates a ____________ which induces ________ expression and expression of _________ antigen
- ser/tyrosine protein kinase
- c-myc
- MHC class II
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