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Interest Group System
A set of individuals who are organized to promote a shared political interest.
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Most organized interest
groups
Economic
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Inside lobbying
Seeking influence through official Contacts.
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Iron Triangle
A small and informal but relatively stable group of well-positioned legislators, executives, and loddyist who w=seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest.
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Grass roots lobbying
Grassroots lobbying is when everyday citizens contact their own legislators to try to influence legislation and policy.
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Standing Committees
Committee with a continued existence, formed to do its assigned work on an ongoing basis. Budgetand finance committees generally are standing committees.
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Speaker of the House
is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. Nancy Pelosi is the present Speaker of the House.
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Pocket Veto
is a legislative maneuver in federal lawmaking that allows the President to indirectly veto a bill.
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How many Senators and
Representatives
- 100 Senators
- 435 Representatives
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House Rules Committee
An influential standing committee of the US House of Representatives which sets the timetable of the House, and the conditions under which debate takes place.
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Precendent
is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court or other judicial body utilizes when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.
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Judicial Review
is the doctrine in democratic theory under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review, and possible invalidation, by the judiciary.
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Structure of federal court system
- Trial Courts
- Appeal Courts
- Suprem Courts
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Gerrymandering
is a form of boundary delimitation (redistricting) in which electoral district or constituency boundaries are deliberately modified for electoral purposes, thereby producing a contorted or unusual shape.
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Reapportionment
Redistribution of representation in a legislative body, especially the periodic reallotment of U.S. congressional seats according to changes in the census figures as required by the Constitution.
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Pork barrel legislation
is a derogatory term referring to appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district.
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Stare Decisis
is the legal principle by which judges are obliged to obey the set-up precedents established by prior decisions.
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Cloture
also called closure and sometimes a guillotine, is a motion or process aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.
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Original Jurisdiction
is the right to hear a case for the first time as opposed to appellate jurisdiction when a court has the right to review a lower court's decision. also know as trial courts.
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Writ of mandamus
is the name of one of the prerogative writs in the common law, and is "issued by a superior court to compel a lower court or a government officer to perform mandatory or purely ministerial duties correctly.
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Appellate Jurisdiction
is the power of a court to review decisions and change outcomes of decisions of lower courts.
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Writ of certiorari
an order by a higher court directing a lower court, tribunal, or public authority to send the record in a given case for review.
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Filibuster
is a form of obstruction in a legislature or other decision-making body whereby a lone member can elect to delay or entirely prevent a vote on a proposal.
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Compliance
the issue of whether judicial decisions will be respected and obeyed
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when is supreme court in session?
1 october - end of june
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most well-financed interest group
corporate
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Advantages of economic interest group
Access to Finical records
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PACS
The organization through which an interest group raises and distributes funds for election purposes. By law, the funds must be raised through volunteer contributions.
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Issue Network
an informal and relatively open network of public officials and lobbyist who have a common interest in a given area and who are brought together by a proposed policy in that are they disband after the issue is resolved.
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Conference committees
Temporary committees formed to bargain over the differences in the house and senate versions of a bill. A conference committee members are usually appointed from the house and senate standing committees that originally worried on the bill.
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Major responsibility of congress
to make laws
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Closed Rule
bans amendments to a bill on the house floor with the exceptions of committee amendments.
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Appointment of federal judges
by president with senate approval
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How do case reach the supreme court?
if it violates the constitutional rights of a citizen
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How does a bill become a law
- 1. Introduction
- 2. committee action
- 3. floor action
- 4. conference action
- 5. president
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John Marshall
was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, serving from January 31, 1801, until his death in 1835.
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Thurgood Marshall
was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Before becoming a judge, he was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education.
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