-
cardiovascular system
consists of heart and blood vessels
-
three types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries
-
-
-
-
-
ather/o
fatty substance, plaque
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-graphy
process of recording
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-manometer
instrument to measure pressure
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-scope
instrument for viewing
-
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
aneurysm
localized widening of artery due to weakness in arterial wall; may develop in any artery, but common sites are abdominal aorta and cerebral arteries
-
angia pectoris
severe chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-
arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
-
auscultation
listening to sounds within body, such as heart or lungs, by using stethoscope
-
bacterial endocarditis
inflammation of inner lining of heart (the endocardium) caused by bacteria; may result in visible accumulation of bacteria called vegetation
-
blood pressure
- (BP)
- measurement of pressure exerted by blood against walls of blood vessel
-
bradycardia
abnormally slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute
-
cardiac arrest
complete stoppage of all heart activity, both electrical signals and muscle contrations
-
cardiac catheterization
passage of thin tube (catheter) through veins or arteries leading into heart; used to detect heart abnormalities, to collect cardia blood samples, and determine pressure within heart
-
cardiac enzymes
complex proteins released by heart muscle when it it damaged; taken by blood sample to determine amount of heart disease or damage
-
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
applying external compressions to rib cage in order to maintain blood flow and air movement in and out of lungs during cardiac respiratory arrest
-
congenital
mean you were born with it
-
congential septal defect
- (CSD)
- birth defect in wall separating two chambers of heart allowing blood to pass between two chambers; there can be atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD)
-
congestive heart failure
- (CHF)
- condition that develops when heart muscle is not able to pump blood forcefully enough, reducing blood flow to body; results in weakness, dyspnea, and edema
-
coronary artery bypass graft
- (CABG)
- open-heart surgery in which blood vessel, often leg vein, is grafted to route blood around occluded coronary artery
-
coronary artery disease
- (CAD)
- chronic heart disease caused by arteriosclerosis or therosclerosis of coronary arteries; also called arteriosclerotic heart disease
-
deep vein thrombosis
formation of blood clots in deep veins; usually occurs in legs; peices of clot may break away forming emboli
-
defibrillation
using instrument called defibrillator to give electrical shock to heart for purpose of converting arrhythmia back to normal hear beat. also called cardioversion
-
electrocardiography
- diagnostic precedure that records electrical activity of heart; used to diagnose damage to heart tissue from coronary heart disease or mycardial infarction
- (EKG)
-
endarterectomy
surgical removal of inner lining of artery in order to remove plaques
-
fibrillation
abnormal quivering or contractions of heart fibers; occurrence within fibers of ventricle of heart result in cardiac arrest and death; emergency equipment to defibrillate, or convert heart to normal beat, is necessary
-
heart murmur
abnormal heart sound such as soft blowing sound or harsh click; they may be soft and heard only with stethoscope or so loud they can be heard several feet away
-
heart transplantation
replacement of diseased or malfunctioning heart with donor's heart
-
heart valve prolapse
cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backwards (regurgitation) through valve when heart chamber contracts; most commonly occurs in mitral valve, but may affect any heart valve
-
hypertension
- (HTN)
- blood pressure above normal range; usually systolic pressure above 140 or diastolic pressure above 90
-
hypotension
decrease in blood pressure; can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches
-
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
- (ICD)
- electrical device implanted in chest cavity with electrodes to heart; applies shock to heart to stop potentially life-threatening arrhythmias such as fibrillation
-
infarct
area of tissue necrosis that develps from ischemia (not getting adequite blood supply)
-
myocardial infarction
- (MI)
- infarct of heart muscle caused by occlusion of one or more of coronary arteries; symptoms include angia pectoris and shortness of breath
-
myocardial ischemia
loss of blood supply to heart muscle tissue of myocardium due to occlusion of coronary artery; may cause angina pectoris or myocardial infarction
-
occlusion
blockage of blood vesseal or other hollow structure; may be caused by thrombus, plaque, or embolus
-
pacemaker
electrical device that artificially stimulated contraction of heart muscle; treatment for bradycardia
-
peripheral vascular disease
- (PVD)
- disease of blood vessels away from central region of body, most typically in legs; symptoms include pain, numbness, and impaired circulation
-
sphygmomanometer
instrument for measuring blood pressure; also called blood pressure cuff
-
stent
stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel or duct to widen lumen; may be placed in coronary artery to treat myocardial ischemia due to atherosclerosis
-
stress test
method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness; patient is placed on treadmill or a bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work; EKG and oxygen levels are taken while patient exercises; test is stopped if abnormalities occur on EKG
-
tachycardia
abnormally fast heart rate more than 100 beats per minute
-
varicose veins
- swollen and distended veins, most commonly in legs
- happens when valves aren't working correctly
-
-
-
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
-
-
ICU
intensive care unit (duh)
-
-
|
|