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What role does cultre play as we attempt to define what is normal and abnormal?
Cultures constrain what is normal and not normal
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What is Cultural Relativism?
Suggests that there is no absolute, definitive answer to what is normal and not normal
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Who was Dr. Cartwright? What did he tell us about our definitions of normal?
1851 - Assesment of slaves; Drapetomania (abnormal desire for freedom) and Dysaesheia Aethiopis ( abnormal desire to not want to work for the salve owner)
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What factors do we take into account as we try to establish a definition of abnormality?
- Dysfunction
- Distress
- Deviance
- Dangerous
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How as Homosexuality been treated in the DSM over the various editions of the DSM? What caused this change?
Was a perversion, then possibly a perversion, now its normal. Culture and science change this persepctive
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What are the assumptions of the scientific model of the universe? What type of "explanations" does it permit?
Universe is natural, physical, ordered and determined
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According to Ancient Chineese, what caused mental illness?
Distortion of energy
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According to the early greeks, what was the cause of hysteria?
A Wondering uterus
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According to Hippocrates, what is the source of mental health and illness?
The unbalance of fluids in the body
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How were the patients treated and what conditions did they live in the Hospital of Mary Bethlehem?
Horrible
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Who was Dortha Dix? What role did she play in the treatment of the mentally ill?
She is a 40yo school teacher who developed issylums to treat and care for the mentally ill
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What is general peresis?
The name of a disease giving of people who have syphyllis
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Anton Mesmer?
Charlotten - Made use of hypnosis to heal people
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Philip Pinel?
French man who helped reform issylums in france
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Jean Charcot?
Early investagtor of the use of hypnosis
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Who is the father of modern psychology?
Wundt
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Who is involved in Behavioral Theory
Pvolov, Thorndike, and Watson
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Who is involved in Cognative Psychology
Albert Bandura, Albert Ellis, and Aaron beck
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What single factor and the biggest impact on the decrease in the number of hospitalized mental patients between 1650 and 2000
Drugs therapy / Anti Psychotic
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Behavioral Theory when comes to mental illness
You have to learn to be normal and learn to be abnormal
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Cognitive Theory in terms of mental illness
Caused by faulty thinking. To get better you must change the way you think
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Family Systems Theory in terms of mental illness
Faulty rules and roles in the family cause mental illness. To fix you must change the rules and roles in the house
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Content vs Process
- Content - Is your conscious mind
- Process - Is your unconscious mind
- Process drive content
- Unconscious drives Conscious
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Classical vs Operant Conditioning
- Classical - Pavlov; Reflex conditioning
- Operant - Skinner; Learning by reinforcement
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What is reflective listening?
When you repeat what someone just said to you.
Part of the Humanistic Theory
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Enmeshment vs Triangulation
Family System Theory
- Enmeshment - Everything is together. No seperate lives
- Triangulation - When 2 people have a conflict and they get someone else involved.
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A Biogenic Model
When mental illness is caused by genetics, brain structures, and brain processes
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A Psychogenic Model
When mental illness is caused by an experience in life
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An Interactive Model
When mental illness is caused by a combination of Biogenic model and psychogenic model
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Corpus Callosum
Connects left and right side of the brain
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The Thalamus
Relay station of the brain; Signals go in the Thalamus and sends elsewhere
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The Cerebellum
Involved in fine motor control and reflex conditioning
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Hippocampus
Involned in the formation of memories
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Frontal Lobe
Motor movement and Brocas Area (Lauguage)
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Parietal Lobe
Sensory Cortex (being touched) and object recognition)
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Occipital Lobe
Visiual Cortex
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Temporal Lobe
Auditory Crotex and Wernikes area ( Language Comprehension)
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What do we mean when we talk about higher and lower conters of the brain?
- Higher - Cerebral thinking and planning
- Lower - Vegatative (Keeps us alive)
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Hypothalmus
Involved in eating drinking and sexual behavior
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What is the endocerine system
System of ducless glands that add hormones to the brain
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Synaptic Vesicles
Puoches @ the end of the terminal branches that contain neurotransmitters
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Dendrites
Pointy things attached to the soma
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Neurotransmitters
Communicate one neuron with another
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Pituitary Gland
Master Gland that communicates with the hypothalmus
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Difference between monozygotic and diztgotic twins
- Monozygotic Twin - 1 egg, 1 sperm, and identical twins
- Dizygotic Twins - 2 eggs, 2 sperm, 2 babies
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For freud, what is the most primitive part of the personality?
ID
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Eros vs Thantos
- Eros - Life and sex instinct
- Thanatos - Death and destruction instinct
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Reaction Formation
One displays the opposite of what he/she is truly feeling
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Suppression
When the person moves the threatening material into the preconscious mind
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Repression
The person, without awareness moves threatening material from conscious awareness into the unconscious mind
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Identification
When someone transforms themselves into an identity that takes on the characteristics of the person who triggers the extreme anxiety (abusive father)
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Displacement
The person redirects their actions away from one object to another
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Regression
When a person retreats to an earlier stage of development that is experienced to be "Safer"
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Psychosexual Stages
- Oral Stage- 0-18mo
- Anal Stage- 18mo - 3yr
- Phallic Stage- 3-6yr
- Latency Stage- 6-12yr
- Genital Stage- 12 and up
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Law and Effect
Thorndike - We repeat things that feel good and do not repeat things that feel bad
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Primary vs Secondary Reinforcer
- Primary - Natural
- Secondary - Learned
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Monoamine , oxidase inhibitors, tricyclies and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used to treat
Depression
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Valium, Librium, and Serax are used to treat
Anxiety
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