Child ad.

• widespread but still unknown
• usually imbedded in other forms of maltreatment as a "tag along"

• intrapersonal problems
• emotional problems
• social competency problems/antisocial functioning
• learning problems
• physical health problems

repeated pattern of caregiver behavior or extreme incident that convey to children that they are woethless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only of value in meeting another's needs

• spurning
• terrorizing
• isolating
• exploiting/corrupting
• denying emotional responsiveness
• mental health/medical/educational neglect

• legal intervention: hard to prove by itself
• investigation: requires clinical expertise
• therapy

clinician coaches parent to respond to children with warmth, nurturance and support

teaches pro-social behaviors and behavior management skills, increases empathy and academic performance, decrease disruptive behaviors

• internalizing behaviors
• externalizing behaviors

depression, anxiety, low self esteem, eating disorders, suicidal ideation, negative life views, isolation

aggression, noncompliance, poor impulse control, disruption

• prenatal exposure
• witness/directly observe
• hears but does not see
• is victimized during the DV incident
• participates against mothers or siblings
• tries to stop the violence
• observes initial effects
• exposed to aftermath

• 74% of IPV happens when child is present in home
• Child who witnesses IPV is 15 times more likely to be abused

child exposed to family violence is 189% more likely to experience violence in own adult relationships

Single mother, absent father, older mother's and older children, mothers with substance abuse history,

poverty, unemployment, neighborhood crime, money stress, poor community health, poor education

male batterers abuse their children twice as often as the abused women themselves do; both males and females at risk for normalizing violence in relationships

• 1. restricts the involvemnent of children in military conflicts
• 2. prohibits the sale o children, child prostitution, and child pornography

• Inattention or omission by the caretaker to provide for the child: health, education, emotional development, nutrition, shelter, and safe living conditions
• Includes the failure to properly supervise and protect children from harm

• Omissions in care
• By parent or caregiver
• Causing significant harm, or significant risk of harm

• physical
• medical
• dental
• supervisional
• emotional
• educational

inadequate food, clothing, shelter, and hygeine

failure to provide prescribed medical care or to seek medical care in a timely manner

failure toprovide adequate dental care or treatment

failure to provide age appropriate supervision

• first degree-obvious, ongoing, chronic
• second degree-a single act of negligence or inattention that puts a child at risk of harm (ex. not locking gate around pool)
• third degree-either a single act of neglect that results from circumstances beyond the control of the caretaker

• federally sponsored program to collect data on child abuse and neglect
• program began in 1990, 2009 is the 20th report
• data is collected from CPS cases
• 3.3 million referrals made to CPS involving 6 million children
• 61.9% were screened in for a response by CPS

• estimated 1770 children died
• 80.8% were younger than 4
• Boys slightly higher at 2.36 per 100,000 and girls at 2.12 per 100,000
• 1/3 of child fatalities due to neglect exculsively
• 1/3 caused by multiple malx

declined by 2% from 08-09

declined by 5% 08-09

unchanged

rose by 3% 08-09

61% 1992-09

55% 92-09

10% 92-09

• 27,473 reports
• 17,721 screened in
• 7,062 substantiated
• 72.4% neglect
• 34.3% physical abuse
• 6.5% sexual abuse
• 3.8% medical neglect
• 1% psychological malx

• Congressionally mandated study by keeping children and families safe act 2003
• Aimed at estimating the national incidence, severity, and demographic distribution od child malx
• Data is collected by sampling a mx of geo. regions, urban and rural agencies, and major community characteristics (122 countries)
• A numberof different agencies are involved in each of the study counties
• 2 sets of standards: endangerment standard and harm standard

• No change in incidence of children endangered (increase in emotional abuse counterbalanced the decrease in other types)
• Rate of harm declined by 26%
• Children of lower socioeconomic status had sig. higher malx
• Kids with no parent in labor force or with unemployment parent had higher malx than employed parents
• Compared to kids living with married bio. parents
• nigs had sig. higher rate than whites or mexicans

• child: disability or prematurity
• Parent: depression, alcohol, and ordrug abuse, low IQ, limited nurturing
• family: DV, father uninvolved, many kids
• Community: social isolation, violence
• Society: poverty, lack of health insurance
• Professionals: poor communication, missed red flags

• child: temperament, intelligence
• parent: caring, intelligence, resourceful
• Family: supportive, father involved
• Community: resources, safe, playgrounds
• Society: food programs, health insurance

• Neglect co-equalred with other adverse childhood experiences
• Increased health risk taking
• Increased mental illness
• Increased chronic disease
• Increased lifetime health care costs
• Dose response curve

• homebuilders
• child's haven
• Families first

providing intensive in home services, removing the harm rather than removing the child

provides therapeutic child care and other specialized treatment services to abused, neglected, at risk children 1 month through age 5

family group conferencing-the family group is invited to partner with dss in developing their treatment plan for their children and family.

• Any sexual activity with a child whose age is less than the legal age of consent
• Includes penetration (oral, vaginal, anal), sexual touching (fondling, forced masturbation), non contact sexual acts (exposure, voyeurism)
• Offender is usually someone child knows 90%

• estimates are that 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 6 boys by age 18
• Crime data: all crimes, regardless of relationship between offender and child
• DSS data: only if offender is parent or in loco parentis
• Clinical data: only from persons/victims in treatment
• Non-clinical data: general population

• girls generally
• boy and girls if: living without 1 parent; mom is unavailable (think attachment, mental illness, substance abuse, jail), perceives family life as unhappy
• child is disabled: physically, psychologically, or cognitive impairment

grooming is a gradual process intended to involve the children, maintain their cooperation, and prevent reporting; force, threat, or fear may be used

may view themselves as participating willingly or may trade sex for rewards

• psychological, health, and interpersonal problems
• polyvictimization increases risk for negative outcomes

• accumulation of traumatic events
• history or psych problems
• family history of MI, substance abuse, DV
• Abuse more serious (severity, duration, violence injuries)
• negative response to disclosure

• avoid memories, circumstances, triggers
• numb, substance abuse, self- injurious, risky behavior
• depression anger, alters belief in self/others
• ptsd

• may take job orchoose profession for access tochildren
• insert themselves into a family
• befriend child/family, supply gifts
• desensitize by sexual touch/talk; increase to test willingness to consent and likelyhood todisclose
• progresses to overtly sexual acts