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MUCH OF WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE COMES FROM WHERE?
STUDIES OF THE HUMAN RBC
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ERYTHOCYTE AMOUNT & SIZE
- 4.5 - 5.5 MILLION/mm3
- 7.5 um DIAMETER
- 1.9 um THICKNESS
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MOST ABUNDANT LEUKOCYTE IN ADULTS
-
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WHAT ARE THE LOBES IN A NEUTROPHIL CONNECTED BY?
THIN STRAN OF CHROMATIN
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A YOUNG NEUTROPHIL WHICH DO NOT HAVE THERE NUCLEI DIVIDED INTO LOBES IS CALLED WHAT?
BAND NUETROPHILS
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ANOTHER NAME FOR POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.
- GRANULATED LEUKOCYTES.
- NEUTROPHIL, EOSINOHILS AND BASOPHILS.
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WHAT IS THE FIRST LEUKOCYTE AND AT WOUND SITE?
NEUTROPHILS.
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WHO TARGETS BACTERIA AND FUNGI?
NEUTROPHILS
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EOSINOPHILS....APPROX % IN ADULTS?
1.5 %
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HOW ARE ENOSINPHILS NAMED?
NAMED FOR THEIR TENDANCY OF THEIR CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES TO STAIN WITH ACIDIC DYES.
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THE GRANULES OF AN EOSINOPHILES ARE WHAT?
LYSOSOMES
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WHAT WOULD GO AFTER PARASITES, ALLERGIC REACTIONS AND PROTEINS THAT ARE COMPLEX WITH ANTIBODIES?
EOSINPHILS
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WHAT WBC GRANULES STAINS WITH BASIC DYES?
BASOPHILS
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WHAT IS THE LEAST FREQUENT WBC TYPE?
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WHAT BESIDES EOSONOHPHILS ATTACK ALLERGIC REACTIONS?
BASOPHILES
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HOW BIG IS A BASOPHILE?
12-15µm
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WHAT LLEUKOCYTE HAS HISAMINE AND HERPARIN IN ITS GRANDULES?
BASOPHILE
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WHAT IS THE 2ND MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF WBC? ALSO GIVE % IN AN ADULT.
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SIZE RANGE FOR A LYMPHOCYTE?
USUALLY 7-8µm....BUT CAN GOTO 15µm.
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WHERE DO T AND B CELLS COME FROM? AND DEFINE EACH TYPES FUNCTION.
- BOTH FROM LYMPHOCYTE
- B...VARIOUS PATHOGENS
- T...
- CD4 BREAK DOWN BACTERIA
- CD8 VIRUS INFECTED AND TUMORS
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WHER DO NATURAL KILLER CELLS COME FROM?
- LYMPHOCYTES.
- ATTACK VIRUS INFECTED AND TUMOR CELLS.
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MONOCYTES SIZE AND % IN ADULTS
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IDNETIFICATION:
MONOCYTE
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IDENTIFICATION:
BASOPHIL
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IDENTIFICATION:
BASOPHIL
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IDENTIFICATION:
EOSINOPHILE
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IDENTIFICATION:
EOSINPHILE
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IDENTIFICATION:
LYMPHOCYTE
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IDENTIFICATION:
NEUTROPHILE
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IDENTIFICATION:
T-LYMPHOCYTE
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WHO AM I?
3-8% IN ADULTS
12-15µm
FIGHT CORNIC INFECTION
FUNCTION MAINLY IN BODY TISSUES
MONOCYTES
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IN VITAL STAINING, JANUS GREEN STAINS WHAT?
MITOCXHINDRIA
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IN VITAL STAINING, NEUTRAL RED STAINS WHAT?
- CYTOPLASMIC GRANULES
- VESCILES
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WHEN JANUS GREEN BECOMES OXIDIZED, WHAT COLOUR DOES IT BECOME? AND WHY?
- BLUE-GREEN
- CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
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IN VITAL STAINING, IF THE JANUS GREEN STAIN WAS TO GO TO THE CYTOPLASM, WHAT WOULD HAPPEN AND WHY?
IT WOULD GO COLORLESS, BECUAUSE THE CYTOPLASM IS A REDUCING ENVIORMENT.
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WHEN VITAL STAINING WITH JANUS GREEN, WHAT 2 WBC DO YOU SEE THE MITOCHONDRIA? WHAT COLOUR AND SIZE ARE THEY?
- LYMPHOCYTES & MONOCYTES
- (AGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES)
- BLUE/GREEN RODS....1µm
- (SOMETIMES AS SMALL SPHERES)
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IF YOU WANT TO OBSERVE A LIVING CELL WHAT STAIN DO YOU USE?
- VITAL STAINING
- (JANUS & NEUTRAL RED)
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NEUTRAL RED STINS WHAT?
LYSOSOMES AND OTHER GRANULES IN SHADES OF YELLOW, ORANGE AND RED.
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NEUTRAL RED STAIN HAS THE GREATEST EFFECT ON WHAT?
- EOSINOPHILES.
- GRANULES IN CYTOPLASM STAIN ORANGE-YELLOW.
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WHAT IS PURPOSE OF FIXING A CELL? IN OTHER WORDS WHAT ARE YOU FIGHTING AGAINST?
YOU WANT TO RENDERED THE CELL COMPONENTS INSOLUIBLE OR ELSE THE LYSOSOMES WOULD RELEASE HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES. ALSO PREVENTS SWELLING OR SHRINKAGE.
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WHAT CHEMICAL IS THE MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE FIXATIVE FOR STAINED FIXED BLOOD SMEARS?
ABSOLUTE METHANOL
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WHAT STAIN IS USED IN THE FIXED SMEAR PROCEDURE? AND WHAT IS IT MADE OF?
- WRIGHT-GIEMSA.
- METHYL BLUE &METHYL AZURE
- AND THE EOSINATES OF BOTH. THEN DILUTED IN METHANOL & GLYCEROL. THEN DILUTED IN AQUEUSBUFFER SOLUTION. pH OF 6-7.
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THE WRIGHT-GIEMSA STAINS WORK ON WHAT STRUCTURES AND AT WHAT pH?
- pH 6-7
- AZURES ACT AS BASES &
- STAIN BASE STRUCTURES BLUE
- EOSINS ACT AS ACIDS &
- STAIN THE ACID-LOVING STRUCTURES RED.
- (ACTUALLY THE VARIOUS PARTS STAIN PINK,PURPLE, RED & BLUE)
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WHAT IS AN ADVERAGE LEUKOCYTE COUNT?
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"ILIA" AND "OSIS" MEANS WHAT?
AN INCREASE IN NUMBER (OF WBC)
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"ENIA" MEANS WHAT?
DECREASE IN NUMBER (OF WBC)
-
TO MANY WBC IS KNOWN AS WHAT?
- LEUKOCYTOSIS
- ABOVE 10,000/mm3
-
AN INCREASED AMOUNT OF 50,000/mm3 OF WBC IS KNOWN AS WHAT?
LEUKEMIA
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A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTES BELOW THE LOWER LIMIT (5,000/mm3) IS KNOWN AS WHAT?
LEUKOPENIA
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LEUKOPENIA, WHAT IS IT AND WHAT CAN CAUSE IT.
- DECREASE IN THE LEUKOCYTES COUNT BELOW 5,000/mm3.
- CAUSES: DEPRESSION OF BONE MARROW DUE TO RADIATION, POISONING OR ALCOHOLISM.
-
is caused by protozoan infections or asplastic anemia
(bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells)
neutropenia
-
caused by strenuous exercise, rheumatic fever, severe burns
neutrophilia
-
caused by mumps, German measles, whooping cough
lymphocytosis
-
caused by scarlet fever parasitic infection or allergic reactions
eosinophilia
-
caused by chronic disease such as tuberculosis and leukemia
monocytosis
-
caused by the administration of glucocorticoid drugs
lymphocytopenia
-
a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells below the normal range constitutes what?
erythrocytopenia
-
may occur with dehydration, shock, hypoxia or bone marrow cancers
polycythemia
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HOW MANY TIMES DID YOU DILUTE RBC USING A HEMOCYTOMETER? WHAT DID YOU DILUTE IT WITH?
- 200
- HAYMANS OR GOWER'S SOLUTION
-
WHAT IS THE NUMBER YOU USED TO CALCULATE THE RBC PER MILLMETER OF BLOOD FROM THE CENTER SQUARE?
- 200 DILUTION
- 10 DEPT OF CHAMBER
- 25 AREA (1/25= 25)
- 200 X 10 X 25 = 50,000
- ...THEN TAKE YOUR COUNT FROM THE 5 SQUARES GET ADVERAGE AND MULTIPLY IT.
- EX: 120 ADV /SQ * 50,000= 6M RBC PER mm3
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USING A HEMOCYTOMETER FOR WBC COUNTS WHAT WAS THE DILUTION FACTOR AND WHAT SOULTION WAS USED?
-
WHAT DOES TURK'S SOLUTION CONSIST OF?
- 1 mL OF GLACIAL ACETIC ACID
- 1 mL OF AQUEOUS 1% GENTIAN VOILET SOLUTION
- 100 mL DISTILLED H20
-
WHAT DOES TURK'S SOLUTION DO TO THE RBC AND THE WBC ?
- RBC: THIS ACID SOLUTION LYSIS THE MEMBRANE AND CONVERTS HEMOGLOBIN TO HEMATIN.
- WBC: GENTIAN VOILET STAINS IT, EASY TO SEE.
-
FOR WBC COUNTS PER MILLIMETER OF BLOOD WHAT IS THE MULTIPLICATION FACTORS?
- 20 DILUTION
- 10 COUNTING CHAMBER DEPT (.1mm = 10)
- 1 ADVERAGE # OF CELLS 1mm2 AREA.
- 20 X 10 X 1 = 200
- THEN TAKE ADV PER SQ AND MULTI.
- EX: 120 ADV/SQ * 200 = 24,000 WBC PER mm2
-
WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF THE WBC AND RBC ON THE HEMOCYTOMETER?
- WBC = 0.1 cu mm
- RBC = .004 cu mm
-
WHEN A NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTOSIS A ANTIGEN, IT PRESENTS PARTS OF THE INVADER ON ITS COAT, WHY?
SO THAT A B OR T CELL CAN COME ALONG, READ IT, AND MAKE Ab AGAINST IT.
-
WHAT POWER DID YOU READ THE RBC COUNT AT?
HIGH
-
WHAT POWER DID YOU READ THE WBC AT?
LOW
-
NAME THE 2 TYPES OF GRANULES INA NEUTROPHILE
- AZUROPHIL..PRIMARY..BPI
- SPECIFIC..SECONDARY...LACTOFERRIN
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