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Hippocrates
- 460 to 370 BCE
- Father of Western Medicine
- From Cos
- Responsible for writing the Theory of the Four Humours and the Hippocratic Corpus, which is still in use today.
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Galen
- 129/31-201/16 CE
- Physician of Marcus Aurelius
- Contributed greatly to the understanding of numerous scientific disciplines, including anatomy and physiology.
- Galen's understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the then-current theory of humorism, as advanced by many ancient Greek physicians such as Hippocrates.
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Hippocratic Oath
- Around 400 BCE.
- Written by Hippocrates of Cos
- May be affiliated with the medical school based in Cos, but other possibilitieshave been suggested
- Taken by physicians and other healthcare professionals swearing to practice medicine ethically
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Isocrates
- 436-388 BCE
- Probably the most influential rhetorician in Greece and made many contributions to rhetoric and education through his teaching and written works.
- Sources and Scope: Aeginetan Speech, where he discussed a man who fell ill, and he stayed to nurse him back to health.
- " I would much prefer to die than to see him perish before his fated day for lack of a friend to nurse him.
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Demography
- Study of Human population
- Sources and Pattern of Disease
- Age: 20-30 yrs.
- Location: Few cities had a population over 6,000; Rome of 1st c. CE: ~1,000,000.
- Diet: Diets depended on the grain supply, and in some instances this is linked to disease.
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Age
- In reference to demography.
- Life span in Antiquity: 20-30 yrs.
- Sources and Pattern of Disease
- Disease common to old age are mentioned less frequently
- Mimnermus refers to old age as "painful", stating "so wretched has the gods made Old Age!"
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Bad Air
- 'Cultural' Components of Medical Explanation
- There is a difference in health, in reference to winds.
- Discussed in detail in Airs, Waters, Places
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Phthisis
- Greek word for 'tuberculosis'
- Phthisis is a Greek term for consumption
- 'Cultural' Component of Medical Explanation
- Around 460 BCE,Hippocrates identified phthisis as the most widespread disease of the times involving coughing up blood and fever, which was almost always fatal .
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Pyretoi
- 'Cultural Component of Medical Explanation
- Greek word for 'Fevers'
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Evil Eye
- Another source of disease in Antiquity
- 'Cultural' Component of Medical Explanation
- Ovid Metamorphoses
- A old woman who is being taken over by the "Evil Eye"
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Homer
- ca. 8th Century BCE
- Author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
- Before Hippocrates
- Homeric works derive from an oral poetic tradition
- Apollo's plague and the concept of the Healer from the Iliad
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Philoctetes
- Play written by Sophocles c. 409 BCE
- Before Hippocrates
- A festering wound, this performance is example of pain
- Ibeg you, if you have a sword ready to hand, strike at my ankle—cut it off now!
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Physikos
- Greek term
- ‘natural philosopher’ or ‘student of nature’
- Before Hippocrates
- Difficult, fragmentary material
- Reconstruction of ideas, while fruitful, is always tenuous.
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Parmenides
- 515-450 BCE
- ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea
- Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy
- Before Hippocrates
- Known as an iatromantis (doctor-prophet)
- - Physicians became officials in a religious association
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Iatromantis
- Greek word for Doctor -Prophet
- Before Hippocrates
- Peter Kingsley, "physicians becoming officials in a religious association"
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Empedocles
- 495-435 BCE
- Before Hippocrates & The Philosophy of Medicine
- Hippocrates, discussed how he incorporated philosophy into the art of healing
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Democritus
- 460-370 BCE
- an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Abdera, Thrace, Greece.
- Before Hippocrates
- Many consider him as the "father of modern science"
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Four Humors
- Hippocrates (the nature of Man)
- Blood, phlegh, black bile, and yellow bile
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Artaxerxes
- Great King of Persia
- Sent an Invitation to Hippocrates to come to kingdom, but Hippocrates refused him, since the Persians were enemies with the Greeks.
- Loyalty STATUS!
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