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- humans are easily infected with it but are resistant to the disease
- only about 5% of infected people actually develop a clinical case of it
- untreated progresses slowly
- clinical is divided into primary, secondary, and disseminated
tuberculosis
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- period of hidden infection- asymptomatic or accompanied by mild fever
- after 3 to 4 weeks, immune system mounts a cell-mediated assault- large influx of mononuclear cells into lungs
- tubercles form
- frequently the centers of tubercles break down into necrotic caseous lesions that gradually heal by calcification
- tuberculin reaction
primary tuberculosis
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- live bacteria can remain dormant and become reactivated weeks, months, or years later
secondary (reactivation) tuberculosis
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-tubercles filled with bacteria expand and drain into bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract; severe symptoms such as violent coughing, greenish or bloody sputum, low-grade fever, anorexia, weight loss, extreme fatigue, night sweats, chest pain
chronic tuberculosis
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-outside of the lungs
- more common in immunosuppressed patients and young children
- regional lymph nodes, kidneys, long bones, genital tract brain, and meninges
-complications are usually grave
extrapulmonary tuberculosis
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-anatomical diagnosis
-inflammatory condition of the lung in which fluid fills the microorganisms
- can be caused by a wide variety of different microorganisms
- viral are usually milder than bacterial
- benign with upper respiratory tract symptoms, including runny nose and congestion
- headache common
- fever is often present
- onset of lung symptoms follows: chest pain, fever, cough, discolored sputum
pneumonia
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