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Where do viruses replicate?
They can only replicate inside the host cells
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What do viruses use as host cells?
Virus host cells invlude all groups of cellular organisms (bacteria, Archea, Eukaryotes)
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What do viruses cause?
Infectious diseases
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What are viruses outside of the host cell?
Outside of the host, viruses exist as inert infectious particles called virions
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What is the general form of a virus?
Each type of viruses is essetially a piece of nucleic acid enclosed withi a protein coat- the capsid
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What is the protein coat of a virus called?
Capsid
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What are the 4 types of viruses?
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Where does a virus get the means to reproduce?
In all cases, the host cells supply the building blocks, the machinery, and the energy required to produce new virus particles
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What is the capsid?
A protein coat around the nuclein acid
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What is the nucleocapsid part of the virus?
Nucleic acid + protein coat
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What are capsomeres?
Protein subunit that make up the capsid
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What is the envelope of a virus?
Lipid=containing layer with embedded proteins; in animal viruses, this envelope originate from the cytoplasmic membrane of the host cells
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What are envelopes involved with?
They are usually involved in the attachment of the virus ot the next host cell
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What does the shapes of virions depend on?
Depends on capsomers
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What shape are most mammalian viruses?
Polyhedral shape
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What shape are bacteriophage viruses?
Complex virus shape
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What is the only type of virus to inject DNA?
Complex virus shapes
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What is a helical virus typical of?
Typical of many plant viruses (tobacco mosaic virus)
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What is the most common shape of polyhedral viruses?
Icosahedron
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What is an icosahedron?
Regular polyhedron with 20 triangular faces
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What is each face of a polyhedron made of?
Each face is made of one or more capsomere
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What does the human papilloma virus look like?
72 clusters of 5 capsomeres (360 capsomeres)
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What is a viroid?
Viroids are closed circles of single-stranded RNA comtaining 240-380 nucleotides
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What is the replication of viroids dependent on?
Replication is dependent on host machinery, disease is caused by the overtaking of this machinery by the viroid
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How does a viroid work?
Hijacks the replication machinery, so the cell repliates it instead of its own DNA
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What is circular RNA often mistaken for?
DNA
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What are prions?
- Single infectious proteins
- Cannot replicate itself, host does not replicate
- Indces other proteins to become prions
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How do prions work?
Misfolded protein cause other correctly folded proteins to misfold, and eventually the misfolded protein accuulates and eventually kills the cell
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